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PPC D > biologics > Flashcards

biologics Flashcards

1
Q

It encompass any product derived from a living plant or animal source.

A

BIOLOGICS

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2
Q

These are not classified as biologics.

A

Insulin
Liver extract
Antibiotic products

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3
Q

The broad term “Biologics” thus includes the immunizing biologics that are derivatives of animals:

A

Serum
Antitoxins
Globulins

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4
Q

The broad term “Biologics” thus includes the immunizing biologics that are derivatives of microscopic plant organisms:

A

Vaccines
Toxoids
Tuberculins

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5
Q

It is the material that provokes the immune response

A

Antigen

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6
Q

Antigens can be defined under three CATEGORIES:

A

Biologically
Physically
Chemically

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7
Q

An antigen is a substance that when introduced into the tissue of humans or other vertebrates, causes the formation of antibodies.

A

Biologically

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8
Q

Antigens possess two (2) biologic properties:

A

Immunogenicity
Specificity

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9
Q

It is the capacity to introduce antibody formation.

A

Immunogenicity

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10
Q

It is governed by small chemical sites on the antigen molecules called Antigen Determinants.

A

Specificity

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11
Q

An antigen must posses a high molecular weight. A weight of more than 10,000 daltons is required.

A

Physically

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12
Q

It is the simplest form of an antigen determinant present on a complex antigen molecule.

A

Epitope

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13
Q

These are compounds with a molecular weight lower than 10,000 daltons can be partially antigens.

A

Haptens

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14
Q

Antigens are usually protein, however, some high molecular weight polysaccharides are antigenic.

A

Chemically

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15
Q

Are found predominantly in the serum fraction of the blood, although they also exist in other body fluids and in association with other tissues such as lymph nodes and mucous membrane.

A

Antibodies

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16
Q

Major types of Immunity

A

Natural Immunity (Innate)
Acquired Immunity
- Active and Passive

17
Q

The defense mechanisms those that are present in the body because of race, species specificity, and a multitude of other factor.

A

Natural Immunity (Innate)

18
Q

It is endowed at birth and is retained because of an individual constitution.

A

Natural Immunity (Innate)

19
Q

It means that the specific immunity developed by an individual in response to the introduction of antigenic substances into the body.

A

Active Immunity

20
Q

The antigenic substance may be received by the body in a natural manner.

A

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

21
Q

They may be received by the body through the administration of a vaccine or toxoid.

A

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

22
Q

It is the type of immunity developed by the introduction of preformed antibodies (not antigen) into the body.

A

Passive Immunity

23
Q

It is produced quickly, but is not long lasting. The immunity developed in a newborn infant through transmission of the antibodies.

A

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

24
Q

It is also produced quickly, but is not long lasting. The injection of immunizing biologics containing preformed antibodies in forms such as diphtheria antitoxins or gamma globulins.

A

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

25
Q

Are bacterial waste products that are considered poisonous to the animal body.

A

Toxins and Toxoids

26
Q

They act as antigen because of their power to stimulate certain cells of the body to produce antibodies called Antitoxins.

A

Toxins and Toxoids

27
Q

When toxins are excreted from the bacterial cells producing them and are dissolved in the surrounding culture medium.

A

Exotoxins

28
Q

When toxins are retained within the bacterial body.

A

Endotoxins

29
Q

It is a matter of food poisoning

A

Clostridium botulism (Botulism)

30
Q

It is the source of the “most poisonous poisons”

A

Clostridium botulism (Botulism)

31
Q

A microorganisms generally unable to grow in the body of a warm- blooded animals but capable of causing death if it is exotoxins are ingested.

A
32
Q

Are prepared from the blood of animals, usually horses that have been immunized by repeated injections of specific bacterial exotoxins.

A

Antitoxins

33
Q

Examples of Antitoxins

A

o Botulism antitoxins
o Diphtheria antitoxins
o Tetanus antitoxins

34
Q

Are poisonous excretions produced by animals.
 Ex: Snake bite

A

Venom

35
Q

Are biologicals prepared in a manner similar to that for antitoxins and antivenins, except that bacteria or viruses are used to stimulate the production of specific antibodies in a healthy animal such as the horse.

A

Antiserums

36
Q

Example of Antiserum

A

Antirabies serum

37
Q

Example of Venom

A
  • Antivenin (Cortalidae) Polyvalent or North and South American anti-snakebite
  • Spider-bite Antivenin or Black Widow Spider Antivenin
38
Q

Are immunizing biologics that contain specific antibodies derived from the blood of humans who have survived an attack of a specific disease or have been immunized in some other manner.

A

Immune Globulins

PPC D (14 decks)

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