biologics

Question 1

It encompass any product derived from a living plant or animal source.

Answer 1

BIOLOGICS

Question 2

These are not classified as biologics.

Answer 2

Insulin
Liver extract
Antibiotic products

Question 3

The broad term “Biologics” thus includes the immunizing biologics that are derivatives of animals:

Answer 3

Serum
Antitoxins
Globulins

Question 4

The broad term “Biologics” thus includes the immunizing biologics that are derivatives of microscopic plant organisms:

Answer 4

Vaccines
Toxoids
Tuberculins

Question 5

It is the material that provokes the immune response

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

Antigens can be defined under three CATEGORIES:

Answer 6

Biologically
Physically
Chemically

Question 7

An antigen is a substance that when introduced into the tissue of humans or other vertebrates, causes the formation of antibodies.

Answer 7

Biologically

Question 8

Antigens possess two (2) biologic properties:

Answer 8

Immunogenicity
Specificity

Question 9

It is the capacity to introduce antibody formation.

Answer 9

Immunogenicity

Question 10

It is governed by small chemical sites on the antigen molecules called Antigen Determinants.

Answer 10

Specificity

Question 11

An antigen must posses a high molecular weight. A weight of more than 10,000 daltons is required.

Answer 11

Physically

Question 12

It is the simplest form of an antigen determinant present on a complex antigen molecule.

Answer 12

Epitope

Question 13

These are compounds with a molecular weight lower than 10,000 daltons can be partially antigens.

Answer 13

Haptens

Question 14

Antigens are usually protein, however, some high molecular weight polysaccharides are antigenic.

Answer 14

Chemically

Question 15

Are found predominantly in the serum fraction of the blood, although they also exist in other body fluids and in association with other tissues such as lymph nodes and mucous membrane.

Answer 15

Antibodies

Question 16

Major types of Immunity

Answer 16

Natural Immunity (Innate)
Acquired Immunity
- Active and Passive

Question 17

The defense mechanisms those that are present in the body because of race, species specificity, and a multitude of other factor.

Answer 17

Natural Immunity (Innate)

Question 18

It is endowed at birth and is retained because of an individual constitution.

Answer 18

Natural Immunity (Innate)

Question 19

It means that the specific immunity developed by an individual in response to the introduction of antigenic substances into the body.

Answer 19

Active Immunity

Question 20

The antigenic substance may be received by the body in a natural manner.

Answer 20

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

Question 21

They may be received by the body through the administration of a vaccine or toxoid.

Answer 21

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

Question 22

It is the type of immunity developed by the introduction of preformed antibodies (not antigen) into the body.

Answer 22

Passive Immunity

Question 23

It is produced quickly, but is not long lasting. The immunity developed in a newborn infant through transmission of the antibodies.

Answer 23

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

Question 24

It is also produced quickly, but is not long lasting. The injection of immunizing biologics containing preformed antibodies in forms such as diphtheria antitoxins or gamma globulins.

Answer 24

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

Question 25

Are bacterial waste products that are considered poisonous to the animal body.

Answer 25

Toxins and Toxoids

Question 26

They act as antigen because of their power to stimulate certain cells of the body to produce antibodies called Antitoxins.

Answer 26

Toxins and Toxoids

Question 27

When toxins are excreted from the bacterial cells producing them and are dissolved in the surrounding culture medium.

Answer 27

Exotoxins

Question 28

When toxins are retained within the bacterial body.

Answer 28

Endotoxins

Question 29

It is a matter of food poisoning

Answer 29

Clostridium botulism (Botulism)

Question 30

It is the source of the “most poisonous poisons”

Answer 30

Clostridium botulism (Botulism)

Question 31

A microorganisms generally unable to grow in the body of a warm- blooded animals but capable of causing death if it is exotoxins are ingested.

Question 32

Are prepared from the blood of animals, usually horses that have been immunized by repeated injections of specific bacterial exotoxins.

Answer 32

Antitoxins

Question 33

Examples of Antitoxins

Answer 33

o Botulism antitoxins o Diphtheria antitoxins o Tetanus antitoxins

Question 34

Are poisonous excretions produced by animals.  Ex: Snake bite

Answer 34

Venom

Question 35

Are biologicals prepared in a manner similar to that for antitoxins and antivenins, except that bacteria or viruses are used to stimulate the production of specific antibodies in a healthy animal such as the horse.

Answer 35

Antiserums

Question 36

Example of Antiserum

Answer 36

Antirabies serum

Question 37

Example of Venom

Answer 37

- Antivenin (Cortalidae) Polyvalent or North and South American anti-snakebite - Spider-bite Antivenin or Black Widow Spider Antivenin

Question 38

Are immunizing biologics that contain specific antibodies derived from the blood of humans who have survived an attack of a specific disease or have been immunized in some other manner.

Answer 38

Immune Globulins