Vocalics Flashcards
vocalics
vocal sounds without words
Importance of vocalics
Communicates emotional reactions, comment on relationships, indicate social attitudes, and regulate the back-and-forth exchange conversations
Has phylogening(evolutionary) primacy
Has primacy in human development
Has interactional primary
what 3 primacy does vocalics have
Phylogenic(evolutionary) primacy
interactional primacy
Primacy in human development
advantages in vocalics
High attention-getting potential and arousal value
Exceeds other codes in the sheer number of possible features that can be used to form messages
A sender can engage in multiple vocalic cues at the same time
Vocalics is innate
Interruptive speech
When speaker A starts and speaker B interrupts and then gains the speaking floot
non-interruptive speech
Speaker A gets to continue the conversation floor even after speaker B has interrupted for a moment
Disadvantages of vocalics
Large number of cues can be ambiguous and/or confusing, leading to inaccuracies, misunderstanding and/or conflict
Awareness for vocal features can be low
Vocalics are used more intentionally than other nonverbal codes, but the intentionality isnt always certain
pitch
tone level from high to low
Prosody
-the melody and rhythm of an utterance and is often described in terms of timing, amplitude, and frequency spectrum as an utterance
–Prosody does not equal vocalics
loudness
amplitude of voice
inflection
-tonal patterns of voice
emphasis
specific points of stress
time as a vocal feature
-tempo/speed of speaking
infant directed speech
higher in pitch and slower
-Tendency to stretch souch and really articulate so the baby learns how to speak the language earlier
pauses in vocalics
-silences between words, clauses, at the end of sentences
filled pauses
-sounds/verbal fillers that fill the pauses in a conversation
unfilled pauses
silent pauses
switch pauses
-the pauses in between the conversational speaker changing
voice coloring
qualities of voice that convery passion and emotional overtones
–Accomplished partly through modulation and inflection
voice quality
styles of speaking
dialect
presence of accented speech
fluency
presence/absence of disfluencies
what vocal features are perceived as more attractive
Voices with higher articulation, resonance, low to moderate shrillness, moderate pitch, small to medium pitch range, and low nasality are more attractive
vocalic norms and expectations
Most cultures have what are considered standard and nonstandard forms of speech
communication accommodation theory
people will adjust their use of language according to their communicative partner
convergence
changing communication to match someone else’s behavior
–increases feelings of connection and familiarity
–Increased perceptions of competence
–Increased understanding
–Less tension
–More liked
divergence
adjusting communication to emphasize the differences between speakers
–Establish dominance/power
–Display dislike
