identities and impressions-2 Flashcards
identity display
reflections about the fundamentals of who we are
impression or image management
Nonverbal cues that are purposely used/manipulated to reflect (or pretend to have) particular personal characteristics
Impression formation or person perception
the process others engage in to try to figure out who we are and what we mean by our actions
What can identities be made up of
-culture of a person
-common identifications with a collective or social category
-the creation of a common culture among participants in a movement
-meanings that people attach to the multiple roles they play in highly differentiated contemporary societies
Working self-concept
reflects how people think of themselves at a given moment
-is based on personal experiences as well as feedback and responses from others
Self-schema
an integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self
Social comprasion theory
the idea that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others
Downward comparisons
comparing oneself to another person who is less competent or in a worse situation
Upward comparisons
comparing oneself to another person who is more competent or in a better situation
What are the 3 aspects of self-concept
-Real self-who you actually are
-Ideal self-the person that you would like to be
-Congruence-when our thoughts about our real self and ideal self are very similar
Conditions of worth
-if parents affection for a child is conditional on the child acting in an acceptable way, the child’s personality develops based on what will get approval from others
Unconditional positive regard
when parents affection for a child is unconditional the child’s personality can develop freely
Explain the social cognitive approach
-Cognitive factors=beliefs/values
Personal factors=biological components
-Environmental factors respond to use based on our cognitive personal factors and our behaviors
-Reciprocal determinism-cognitive processes, behavior, and context all interact
Rotters locus of control-3 factors list
-locus of control
-internal locus of control
-external locus of control
Locus of control
our belief about the power we have over our lives
Internal locus of control
belief that most of our outcomes are the direct result of our efforts
External locus of control
belief that most of our outcomes are outside of our control
Trait theory
analyzing personality by examining stable and enduring components
Traits
characteristic ways of behaving
Traits usually exist on a continuum
What are the factors in the 5 factor model of personality
neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeability, and conscientiousness
explain eysencks biological trait theory
-Temperament-inborn, genetically based personality differences
Personality traits have 2 major dimensions
—-How outgoing people are
—– Whether peoples emotions tend to be stable or unstable
-High extroversion = sociable and outgoing, and readily connect with others
-High introversion = need to be alone, engage in solitary behaviors, limit their interactions with others
-High neuroticism = anxious, have an overactive sympathetic nervous system, enter fight or flight reactions even with low stress
-High stability = need more stimulation or stress to activate their fight or flight reaction, more emotionally stable
self reports
-a type of personality tests
-personality tests that use questionnaires to let people respond to items that reveal traits and behaviors
Electronically activated records
-a type of personality test
-people wear a device that unobtrusively tracks their real world moment to moment interactions, picking up snippets of conversations and other auditory information
Communication reticence
the unwillingness to communicate