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Comg470 > place and time-2 > Flashcards

place and time-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Environment

A

characteristics and conditions of one’s physical surroundings, such as a home, office, outdoor space, or other surrounding in which a person lives, works, or interacts

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2
Q

Artifacts

A

physical(and usually man-made) objects that one places in an environment for either functional or aesthetic purposes(chairs, lamps, books, rugs, etc)

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3
Q

Natural environment

A

environmental elements that come from nature
Built environment-man-made elements of the environment

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4
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of emotional reactions

A

Pleasure to displeasure, dominance to submissiveness, arousal to nonarousal

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5
Q

Explain the pleasure to displeasure dimension of emotional reactions

A

extent to which the environment makes us feel happy, satisfied, contented, or annoyed, melancholic, and distressed

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6
Q

Explain the dominance to submissiveness dimension of emotional reactions

A

the extent to which the environment makes us feel dominant, important, and in control or restricted, weak, and low in hierarchy

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7
Q

Explain the aroused to nonaroused dimension of emotional reactions

A

degree to which the environment makes us feel active, stimulated, alert, and responsive to external stimuli or unaroused, relaxed, sluggish, or inattentive

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8
Q

What are fixed-feature elements

A

everything in the environment that is relatively permanent or slow to change in an environment
-Spatial organization
-Size or volume of space
-Linear perspective
-Materials used in the environment
-Architectural style

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9
Q

What is a sociofugal arrangement

A

A semi fixed feature element arrangement
-seating and objects (e.g., chairs, couches, desks, etc.) faced away from each other to minimize contact and discourage social interaction

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10
Q

What are semi fixed feature elements of the environment

A

relatively mobile and changeable features of the environment

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11
Q

What are sociopetal arrangements

A

A semi fixed feature element arrangement
-seating and objects facing inward/toward each other to bring people together and encourage connection/collaboration

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12
Q

What are non fixed feature elements

A

the space between interactants
-has to do with proxemics

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13
Q

Arousal, what happens when you are under or overaroused

A

physiological activation(increased brain activity) or increased autonomic responses(increased sweating, heart rate, muscle tension)
-Underaroused=bored and seek out some more stimulation
-Overaroused=engage in behaviors to reduce arousal

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14
Q

Yerkes-donson law

A

performance increases with arousal up to an optimal point, more arousal will result in decreasing performance

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15
Q

According to the Yerkes Donson law, what happens during simple tasks

A

arousal levels should be relatively high

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16
Q

According to the Yerkes Donson law, what happens during complex tasks

A

Arousal levels are best if they are lower

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17
Q

what is mnemonic function

A

when the environmental cues elicit appropriate emotions, behaviors, interpretations, and transactions

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18
Q

What are occasioned places

A

environments that contain indication of how to behave

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19
Q

What are the decoding potentials of the environmental and artifactual code

A

-Combinations of structural elements can produce different communication messages
-Humans have visual and tactile capacity to decode subtle variations in artifactual patterns
-Most of the senses (sight, sound, touch, smell) can be stimulated by the structural elements of the environment
-Reactions to the environment and artifacts are cognitive, perceptual, emotional, and attitudinal
-Static nature of environmental and artifactual cues can serve as a constant statement in any communicative setting

20
Q

What are chronomics(what are the orientations)

A

How humans perceive, structure, and use time as communication
-monochronic time orientation
-Polychronic time orientation

21
Q

What is the monochronic time orientation

A

Doing one thing at a time and adhere to a strict schedule

22
Q

What is the polychronic time orientation

A

willing to do multiple things at once

23
Q

Define biological rhythms

A

internal rhythms of biological activity

24
Q

Define circadian rhythms

A

physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24 hour cycle

25
Q

Define the sleep-wake circadian rhythm and the factors that are a part of it(3)

A

The suprachiasmatic nucleus(in the hypothalamus) stimulates the pineal gland, which releases melatonin
-Melatonin-hormone that helps us to regulate the processes of sleep
-Hypothalamus-main center for homeostasis
-Homeostasis-tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system

26
Q

Define the ultradian rhythm

A

biological processes that begin and end multiple times every day(breathing patterns, beating of your heart, etc)

27
Q

Define the circalunar rhythm

A

biological processes that transpire approximately monthly(menstruation)

28
Q

What are the 6 main chronotypes

A

-morning, evening, highly active, daytime sleepy, daytime active, moderately active

29
Q

What is a chronotype

A

the natural inclination of a specific body to sleep or be awake and alert at certain times

30
Q

Morning chronotype

A

high alertness in the morning, which proceeds to dip to medium levels in the middle of the day, then drops to low levels in the evening

31
Q

Evening chronotype

A

low alterness in the morning, which rises to medium levels in the middle of the day, then rises to high levels at night

32
Q

Highly active chronotype

A

High alertness throughout the day

33
Q

Daytime sleepy chronotype

A

high alertness in the morning, dips low in the middle of the day, then rises to a medium finish

34
Q

Daytime active chronotype

A

Low alertness in the daytime, peaks high in the middle of the day, then finishes the day on a middle-level alertness

35
Q

Moderately active chronotype

A

Low energy levels all day long

36
Q

What are the 4 psychological time orientations

A

-Past orientation
-Timeline orientation
-present orientation
-future orientation

37
Q

Past orientation

A

dwell on past events, relive old times, sentimental view of time

38
Q

Time-line orientation

A

see time as a continuum integrating past, present, and future and as a linear and systematic progression of events

39
Q

Present orientation

A

focused on the here and now and dealing with events, activities, and problems spontaneously

40
Q

Future orientation

A

focused on anticipating and planning for future events and relating them to the present

41
Q

features of the chronemic code(list 11)

A

-displaced point pattern
-diffused point pattern
-technical time
-formal time
-Informal time
-punctuality
-wait time
-Lead time
-Duration
-Simultaneity
-Response speed

42
Q

Displaced point pattern and diffused point pattern

A

Features of the chronemic code
-displaced-see appointed times as a fixed endpoint
-diffused-see appointed times as rough approximations

43
Q

Technical, formal, and informal time

A

features of the chronemic code
-technical-clock time, scientific and precise measurement of time
-formal time-traditional ways that time is viewed and organized in a given culture
-informal time-loosely defined system of time that is implicit, learned through experience with a culture, and usually outside conscious awareness

44
Q

Punctuality, wait time, lead time, and duration

A

Features of the chronemic code
-punctuality-arriving to scheduled events on time
-Wait time-amount of time before a scheduled event commences
-Lead time-amount of forewarning for a scheduled event
-Duration-length of time dedication to an event

45
Q

Simultaneity and response speed

A

Features of the chronemic code
-simultaneity-single or multiple activities per time unit
-response speed- how long it takes a person to return a message

46
Q

Communication potential for the chronemic code

A

-Encoding potential=time can send signals related to politeness, value, and power
-Assumptions:
—-Being on time=polite
—-Giving your time to others communicates that you value them
—-People are willing to wait for people in higher power
-Chronemic cues can be unintentional, creating a great deal of ambiguity
-Chronemic cues are often subtle
-Chronemic cues can evoke strong emotional reactions

Comg470 (13 decks)

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