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Nursing > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

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2
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

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3
Q

active range of motion

A

process whereby a patient puts a joint through its full extent of movement

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4
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size, wasting away, or progressive decline of a body part or tissue

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5
Q

base of support

A

space between the feet that bears the weight of the body

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6
Q

center of gravity

A

the point at which a body’s entire weight is concentrated so that , if supported at this point, the body would remain in equilibrium in any position

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7
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of a limb or of the eye

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8
Q

contracture

A

a deformity that results from abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, making the muscle highly resistant to stretching

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9
Q

distal

A

farthest from the origin of a part

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10
Q

dorsal

A

directed toward or situated on the back surface

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11
Q

dorsiflexion

A

upward bending of the toes and the foot

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12
Q

eversion

A

turning of the body part away from the body’s midline

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13
Q

external rotation

A

outward rotation of a joint

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14
Q

flexion

A

movement that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones; bending of a limb

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15
Q

gait

A

the pattern of how a person walks

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16
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the volume of a tissue or organ produced entirely by enlargement of existing cells

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17
Q

lateral flexion

A

the auto of bending to one side

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18
Q

passive range of motion

A

the process of putting a joint through its full extent of movement by someone other than the patient

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19
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending the toes and the foot downward

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20
Q

pronation

A

movement of a body part so that its front or ventral surface faces downward

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21
Q

prone

A

lying on the abdomen with the legs extended and the head turned to the side

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22
Q

proximal

A

nearest to the origin of a part

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23
Q

supination

A

movement of a body part so that its front or ventral surface faces upward

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24
Q

supine

A

lying on the back, usually slightly elevated with a small pillow

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25
Q

ambulation

A

a technique of postoperative care in which a patient gets out of bed and engages in light activity as soon as possible after an operation

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26
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

a condition in which your blood pressure falls significantly when you stand up quickly. (Hypotension is low blood pressure.)The main symptom of this condition is feeling dizzy or faint when you stand.

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27
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss

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28
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to or directed toward the bucc (cheek), the fleshy portion of the side of the face that makes up the lateral wall of the oral cavity.

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29
Q

canthus

A

the angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eye.

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30
Q

cheilosis

A

manifestation of vitamin B complex deficiency characterized by reddened lips with fissures at the angles of the mouth.

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31
Q

closed bed

A

bed prepared with the top sheet, blanket, and bedspread drawn up to the head of the mattress under the pillows.

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32
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

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33
Q

drawsheet

A

linen item placed under the patient’s torso and used to lift and reposition the patient.

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34
Q

excoriation

A

skin abrasion typically resulting from scratching.

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35
Q

expectorate

A

to expel fluid or secretions from the mouth, throat, or lungs by coughing and/or spitting.

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36
Q

fanfolding

A

applying the proximal half of a piece of linen in successive layers lengthwise for the purpose of tucking it under the patient and rolling the patient over it while stripping or making an occupied bed.

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37
Q

fissure

A

a break, slit, or tear in soft tissue, often at the junction of skin and mucous membrane.

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38
Q

gingiva

A

the part of the oral mucosa covering the tooth-bearing border of the jaw; also called gums

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39
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

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40
Q

lunula

A

active area of nailed growth at the base of the fingernails and toenails.

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41
Q

maceration

A

softening or dissolution of tissue after lengthy exposure to fluid.

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42
Q

neuropathy

A

any of numerous disturbances or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system, most often affecting sensation.

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43
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

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44
Q

open bed

A

bed prepared with the top covers folded back to make it easy for the patient to get into the bed.

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45
Q

pediculosis

A

lice infestation

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46
Q

perineum

A

area between the anus and the posterior portion of the external genitalia.

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47
Q

periodontal

A

surrounding or near a tooth

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48
Q

sebum

A

fattyy lubricant secreted by the skin’s sebaceous glands

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49
Q

semi-Fowler’s position

A

head of the bed raised approximately 30 degrees.

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50
Q

smegma

A

thick, cheesy secretion that accumulates under the labia minor or the male foreskin.

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51
Q

stomatitis

A

any inflammatory disorder of the mouth.

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52
Q

urethra

A

a narrow tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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53
Q

PRN

A

Prescribed as needed

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54
Q

Effleurage

A

back rub or massage that consists of long, slow gliding strokes and usually follows a patient’s bath. It promotes relaxation, relieves muscular tension, and decreases a patient’s perception of pain. It is associated with reductions in measured anxiety, heart rate, and respiratory rate.

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55
Q

anuria

A

absence of urinary production or excretion

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56
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia

A

a condition of exaggerated reflexes typically occurring as a result of spinal cord injury.

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57
Q

balloon

A

a compartment of a device that, when positioned inside a cavity or hollow organ such as the bladder and then inflated, prevents accidental dislodgment of the catheter from that organ.

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58
Q

catheter

A

a flexible tube passed into the body to remove or instill fluids or to keep a passageway open.

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59
Q

Coude catheter

A

a type of curved-tip urinary catheter used for intermittent removal of urine from the bladder.

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60
Q

dialysis

A

a techniques by which fluids and molecules pass through a semi-permeable membrane via osmosis, most often referring to the removal of wast products from the blood of a patient with renal failure.

61
Q

diuresis

A

excessive production or excretion of urine

62
Q

Foley catheter

A

a common type of indwelling urinary catheter.

63
Q

French

A

a measurement unit of the French scale, a system indicating the size of the outer diameter of a catheter or other tube or device, with each unit of the scale approximately equivalent to one third of a millimeter.

64
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

65
Q

hesitancy

A

difficulty starting urination

66
Q

meatus

A

an opening, passage, or channel, as in urinary meatus.

67
Q

medical asepsis

A

infection-control practices aimed at reducing the number of organisms present and transmissible from a source; also called clean technique.

68
Q

micturition

A

urination, the voluntary releasing of urine from the bladder

69
Q

nephron

A

the functional unit of the kidney

70
Q

nocturia

A

excessive or frequent urination at night or during the usual sleeping hours.

71
Q

oliguria

A

scant urinary production or excretion; diminished urinary output compared with fluid intake

72
Q

patent

A

open or unobstructed

73
Q

pH

A

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with a low pH indicating acidity and a high pH indication alkalinity; a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions.

74
Q

polyuria

A

excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine

75
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein (such as albumin) in the urine

76
Q

residual

A

amount remaining or left behind

77
Q

specific gravity

A

the weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with that of an equal volume of another substance, most often, urine compared with distilled water

78
Q

suprapubic

A

above the symphysis pubis or pubic arch, as in a urinary catheter inserted through the abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis into the bladder

79
Q

urinalysis

A

a diagnostic examination of urine

80
Q

void

A

urinate

81
Q

antipyretic

A

a substance or procedure that reduces fever

82
Q

apnea

A

temporary or transient cessation of breathing

83
Q

auscultatory gap

A

temporary disappearance of sounds usually heard over the brachial artery, occurring wen the cuff pressure is high and is gradually reduced, with the sounds again heard at a lower level of pressure (usually occurring in patients who have hypertension)

84
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the axilla, the city beneath the junction of a forelimb and the body; also called the armpit or the underarm.

85
Q

brachial pulse

A

beating or throbbing felt over the brachial artery

86
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow pulse rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in an adult

87
Q

bradypnea

A

an abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually fewer than 12 breaths per minute in an adult

88
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart during one minute; the product of the heart rate and the stroke volume.

89
Q

celsius

A

relating to the international thermometric scale on which 0 degree is the freezing and 100 degrees is the boiling point; centigrade

90
Q

centigrade

A

relating to the international thermometric scale on which 0 degree is the freezing and 100 degrees is the boiling point; Celsius

91
Q

core temperature

A

the amount of heat in the deep tissues and structure of the body, such as the liver

92
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the force exerted when the heart is at rest in between each beat; the lowest pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times.

93
Q

dyspnea

A

the sensation of difficult or labored breathing

94
Q

eupnea

A

normal respiration

95
Q

Fahrenheit

A

relating to the temperature scale on which 32 degrees is the freezing point and 212 degrees is the boiling point

96
Q

febrile

A

feverish

97
Q

fever

A

an elevated body temperature

98
Q

hypertension

A

a common cardiovascular disorder, often with no symptoms, in which the blood exerts an abnormal amount of force on the inside walls of the arteries persistently and blood pressure readings are persistently above 120/80mmHg

99
Q

hypotension

A

a condition in which blood pressure falls below the normal range; not usually considered a problem unless it causes symptoms, such as dizziness or fainting.

100
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

a series of five sounds (four sounds followed by an absence of sound) heard during the auscultatory determination of blood pressure and produced by sudden distention of the artery because of the proximally placed pneumatic cuff

101
Q

orthopnea

A

ability to breathe without difficulty only when in an upright position (sitting or standing)

102
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

a sudden drop in blood pressure resulting from a change in position, usually when standing up from a sitting or reclining position and often causing dizziness

103
Q

oximetry

A

determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood using a photoelectric divide called an oximeter

104
Q

oxygen saturation

A

a clinical measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen in the blood

105
Q

palpation

A

the application of the fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine the condition of the underlying parts

106
Q

pulse deficit

A

the difference between the apical and the radial pulse rates. This condition may indicate a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart contractions

107
Q

pulse pressure

A

the difference between the stolid and the diastolic blood pressures.

108
Q

radial pulse

A

beating or throbbing felt over the radial artery

109
Q

S1

A

the first heart sound, heard when the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves close

110
Q

S2

A

the second heart sound, heard when the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves close

111
Q

Sims’ position

A

a side-lying position with the lowermost arm behind the body and the uppermost leg flexed

112
Q

stroke volume

A

the amount of blood entering the aorta with each ventricular contraction

113
Q

systolic pressure

A

the amount of force exerted within the arteries while the heart is actively pumping or contracting; the maximum pressure exerted against the arterial walls.

114
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally fast pulse rate, usually above 100 beats per minute in adults

115
Q

tachypnea

A

an abnormally fast respiratory rate, usually more than 20 breaths per minute in adults

116
Q

tympanic

A

pertaining to the ear canal or eardrum

117
Q

vital signs

A

measurements of physiological functioning, specifically temperature, pulse, respiration’s, and blood pressure, but may also include pain and pulse oximetry.

118
Q

accommodation

A

adjustment, especially that of the lens of the eye for various distances, manifested by the contraction of ciliary muscles and other changes

119
Q

anosmia

A

absence of the sense of smell

120
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

loud, high-pitched, hollow sounds normally heard over the trachea

121
Q

bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

medium-pitched and quieter sounds normally heard over the mainstream bronchi

122
Q

bruit

A

blowing or swishing sounds heard in an artery that indicate turbulent blood flow

123
Q

clubbing

A

enlargement of the fingertips and flattening fo the angle between the fingernail and the nailed, a classic sign of long-term oxygen deprivation

124
Q

crepitus

A

a dry, crackling or grating sound or feeling produced by air in subcutaneous tissue or by bone rubbing against bone.

125
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin produced by capillary congestion

126
Q

exudate

A

any material such as fluid, cells, or cellular debris that has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation

127
Q

friction rub

A

a scratching or squeaking sound that is herd over the lung fields or the precordium, indicating inflammation of the pleura or pericardial lining

128
Q

integument

A

a covering, such as the skin

129
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

a large protuberance on the inferior part of the posterior martin of the body of the ischium, the three major bones that make up each half of the pelvis

130
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive convex curator of the thoracic spine

131
Q

masseter muscle

A

the muscle that closes the mouth and is the major muscle involved in mastication (chewing)

132
Q

naris

A

one of the external orifices of the nose

133
Q

patent

A

open or unobstructed

134
Q

peristalsis

A

the waves of contractions that propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract

135
Q

pneumothorax

A

an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space

136
Q

precordium

A

the region of the anterior surface of the body covering the heart and the stomach, comprising the epigastric region and the inferior part of the thorax

137
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid

138
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

139
Q

rales

A

discontinuous sounds heard primarily during inhalation dn resulting from air bubbling though moisture in the alveoli or from collapsed alveoli popping open; also called crackles

140
Q

rebound tenderness

A

pain that increases when pressure is removed

141
Q

regurgitation

A

valvular: backward flowing of blood through the orifices of the heart valves due to abnormal closing of the valves.

142
Q

rhonchi

A

dry, low-pitched, snore-like noises produced in the throat or bronchial tube due to a partial obstruction such as by secretions

143
Q

scaphoid

A

shaped lie a boat or having a concave appearance

144
Q

sclera

A

the tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

145
Q

speculum

A

an instrument that exposes the interior of a passage or cavity of the body by enlarging its opening

146
Q

stenosis

A

an abnormal narrowing of a duct, canal, or blood vessel

147
Q

stridor

A

a harsh, high-pitched breath sound such as that heard on inhalation with an acute laryngeal obstruction

148
Q

thrill

A

a sensation of vibration felt on palpation, such as over the heart during loud, harsh cardiac murmurs

149
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

soft, fine, breezy, low-pitched sounds heard over peripheral lung tissue

Nursing (26 decks)

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