Chp 1,4 & 7 Flashcards
Nursing & Caring
What is nursing?
Art and Science Guided by a code of ethics Based on standard Evidence-based practice Critical thinking Patient centered (includes family and community(
Who’s definition of nursing do we go by and what is it?
ANA - American Nursing Association
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
What are nursing standards?
a minimum set of criteria of practice to provide quality of care.
How do you act professionally as a nurse?
you administer quality patient-centered care in a safe, prudent, and knowledgeable manner. You are responsible and accountable to yourself, your patients, and your peers.
What are some health care advocacy groups?
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action.
Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Future of Nursing.
What initiative did the RWJF sponsor?
QSEN - Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
What does the QSEN address and encompass?
the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments.
Encompasses the competencies of patient-centered care, teamwork and collaborations, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
What does it mean that nursing is both an art and a science?
nursing practice requires a blend of the most current knowledge and practice standards with an insightful and compassionate approach to patient care.
What critical thinking model demonstrates a competent level of nursing care as described by the Standards of Practice?
the nursing process
What are the steps to the nursing process?
- Assessment - data pertinent to patient health
- Diagnosis - determines diagnosis or issue
- outcomes Identification - ID’s expected outcomes for an individualized plan
- Planning - develop a plan that prescribes strategies & alternatives to attain outcomes
- Implementation - coordination of care, health teaching, consultation, prescriptive authority
- Evaluation - progress
What is involved in the implementation step of the nursing process?
Coordination
Education
Consultation
Prescriptive authority and treatment (only some RN’s have this ability)
What is the nursing process the foundation of?
clinical decision making
What are the 10 standards of professional performance that the ANA use to describe a competent level of behavior in the professional nursing role
- Ethics - Is this right or wrong?
- Quality of practice - (ex. don’t poke a patient more than twice)
- Professional Practice Evaluation - evaluated by everyone
- Education - is forever ongoing.
- Communication
- Resources - websites, contacts, books, journals, AHA, ACA
- Evidence-based Practice and Research
- Leadership
- Environmental Health
- Collaboration
How often do you need to renew your RN license and what is required?
Renew every 2 years - a minimum of 30 contact hours are needed.
What is the code of ethics as it applies to nursing care?
the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients. As a nurse you must incorporate your own values and ethics into your practice.
What are the 9 primary roles and functions of the Nurse?
Care provider educator advocate leader change agent manager researcher collaborator delegator
What are the four core rolls for the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse?
- Clinical nurse specialist - expert clinician in a specialized area of practice
- Nurse Practitioner - provides health care to a group of patients, usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting
- Certified Nurse-Midwife - educated in midwifery and is certified by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.
- Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist - provide surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist who is a physician with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
What does the practice of midwifery involve?
providing independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery and care for the newborn as well as some gynecological services.
What was the nursing philosophy Florence Nightingale establish based on?
health maintenance and restoration.
What changes in society lead to changes in nursing?
Affordable Care Act
Rising health care costs
Demographic changes
Medically undeserved
What are the main aspects of the Affordable Care Act?
- affects how health care is paid for and delivered
- greater emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, ad illness management in the future.
- more nursing services will be in community -based care settings so more nurses will be needed to practice in community care centers, schools, and senior centers.
What are the components of the nursing metaparadigm?
Person, health, environment, and nursing
What are the contemporary trends in nursing?
Evidence-based practice
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
Impact of emerging technologies
Genomics
Public perception of nursing
Impact of nursing on politics and health policy
Why is the examination for registered nurse (RN) licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States.
it provides a minimal standard of knowledge for an RN in practice.
What is caring?
the art of our practice - a universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel, and behave.
Explain Leininger’s theory on transcultural caring.
Caring is an essential human need that improves the health conditions of an individual or group. For caring to be effective, nurses need to learn culturally specific behaviors and words that reflect human caring in different cultures to identify and see the needs of all patients.
Explain Watson’s theory on transpersonal caring.
Caring promotes healing and wholeness, rejects the disease orientation to health care (care before cure), and emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship.
Explain Swanson’s theory of caring.
(Theory of caring with 5 caring processes) Caring is a nurturing way of relating to an individual by: Knowing Being with Doing for Enabling Maintaining belief
What aspects of caring do patients value?
Connecting with patients and their families
Being present
Respecting values, beliefs, and health care choices
What is ethic of care?
It is a concept of right and wrong that places caring at the center of decision making, rather than solely intellectual or analytical principles, allowing a nurse to know what behavior is ethically appropriate.
How do nurses demonstrate caring?
Providing presence Tough Listening Knowing the patient Spiritual caring Relieving pain and suffering Family care
What are 4 different types of touch?
Non-contact touch - eye contact
Task-oriented touch - during procedure
Caring touch - the manner in which you touch the patient when performing a task or communicating
Protective touch - ex. catching a patient as they fall
What are the therapeutic benefits of listening to patients?
Creates trust
Opens lines of communication
Creates a mutual relationship
Allows you to become a participant in the patient’s life
What level of education does an advanced practice nurse have?
Master’s degree in nursing; advanced education in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment,; and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice.
What education does a staff nurse have?
basic education and NCLEX licensure
What education does a nurse education have?
mater’s or doctoral degree in nursing.
practice theories
situation-specific theories, bring theory to the bedside. Naroow in scope and focus; guide the nursing care of a specific patient population at a specific time.
Descriptive theories
first level of theory development - describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which the phenomena occur.
prescriptive theories
address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences.
grand theories
abstract, broad in scope, and complex. provides structural framework for general, global ideas about nursing.
middle-range theories
more limited in scope and less abstract. address specific phenomenon and reflect practice; focus on a concept found in a specific field of nursing
What are Benners stages of nursing?
Novice - beginner
Advanced beginner - some level of experience
Competent - same clinical position for 2-3 years
Proficient - 3+ years exp in same position. grasps whole picture. focus is on care opposed to skills.
Expert - Diverse exp w/intuitive grasp of an existing or potential problem.
What is AONE and what do they stand for?
American Organization of Nurse Executives
Caring and knowledge as core of nursing with caring being a key component
What is intrapersonal?
connected with self
What is interpersonal?
connected with others & environment
What is transpersonal?
connected with God (spiritual)
