Vital Signs Flashcards
What are factors that affect Body Temp?
Age Exercise Hormone level Circadian rhythm Stress Environment Temperature Alterations
What is the normal blood pressure for:
Adult
Child
Infant
Adult 120/80 (90-119/60-79)
Child 110/65 - 119/75
Infant 85/54 - 95/65
What is the normal heart rate for:
Adult
Child
Infant
Adult 60-100
Child 75-100
Infant 120-160
What is the normal respiration rate for:
Adult
Child
Infant
Adult 12-20
Child 20-30
Infant 30-60
What factors influence the character of respirations?
Exercise Acute pain Anxiety Smoking Body position Medications Neurological injury Hemoglobin function
What is the normal temperature for:
Adult
Child
Infant
Adult 96.8-100.4
Child 96.8-100.4
Infant 95.9-99.5
What factors cause the pulse rate to vary?
Exercise Temperature Emotions hemorrhage Postural changes Pulmonary conditions
what are the anatomical landmarks used to locate the apical pulse?
Locate the angle of louis,
locate the second intercostal space, locate the fifth intercostal space, identify the midclavicular line.
What is a oxygen saturation of less than 90% be considered?
a clinical emergency
What are the 5 Korotkoff sounds?
- sharp thump
- a blowing or whooshing sound
- a crisp, intense tapping
- a softer blowing sound that fades
- silence
systolic pressure
the peak fo maximum pressure when ejection occurs
diastolic pressure
the minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times
pulpe pressure
the difference between systolic and diastolic
What are the physiological factors that influence blood pressure?
age stress ethnicity gender daily variation medications activity and weight smoking
What ethnicity has a higher incidence of hypertension?
African american
how would a rectal thermometer differ from an oral one?
0.9 degrees higher
how would an axillary or tympanic thermometer differ from an oral one?
0.9 degrees lower
How big should your BP cuff be relative to the patients arm?
20% greater than the diameter of the limb
How do you convert celsius to Fahrenheit?
C x 9/5 + 32
What happens during systole?
ventricles of the heart contract
What happens during diastole?
ventricles relax, min pressure
What is our normal blood volume?
5,000 mL
What is the expected reference range of oxygen saturation?
95-100%
How do you convert Fahrenheit to celsius?
(F-32) x 5/9
What pulse rate is considered tachycardia?
> 100
What pulse rate is considered bradycardia?
<60
What respiratory rate is considered tachypnea?
> 20 bpm
What respiratory rate is considered bradypnea?
<12 bpm
What is tidal volume?
amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath
What BP is considered hypertension?
Systolic >/= 140mmHg
OR
Diastolic >/= 90 mmHg
What BP is considered hypotension?
Systolic = 90mmHg
OR
Diastolic = 60mmHg
how does the BP in the leg differ from the arm?
The systolic BP in the leg is usually 10-40 mmHg higher (diastolic the same as in arm)
What are the 6 vital signs?
Temp pulse Blood pressure Respiratory rate oxygen saturation pain
What is capnography and what is a normal range?
the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the respiratory gases.
35-45 mmHg
What is body heat?
heat produced - heat lost = body temp
What controls body temp and regulates the set point?
hypothalamus
What happens if body temp falls below the set point?
vasoconstriction - blood flow is reduced to skin and extremities
What is the basal metabolic rate?
heat produced by the body at absolute rest
What is pyrexia?
Fever
What is hyperthermia?
heatstroke - body temp greater than 104 degrees, elevated HR, lowered BP
What is hypothermia?
Body temp less than 93.2
What is an antipyretic?
medications that reduce fever
