Test 3 Flashcards
What is C-LARA and what does it stand for?
A communication technique: C - calm L - listen A - affirm R - respond A - add
What are social determinants of health?
The condition in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels.
What are health disparities?
a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
(Differences among populations in the availability of accessibility and quality of health care services.
What is the difference between disease and illness?
Illness - the way the family and individual acts about the disease.
Disease - the medical diagnosis (malfunction of the biological process of a system.
What does the mnemonic RESPECT stand for and what is it used for?
Communication technique:
R - respect (connect/suspend judgment)
E - empathy (approach empathetically and legitimize feelings)
S - support (Understand/provide resources and overcome barriers)
P - partnership (work closely with/stress they will be working together)
E - explanations (provide explanations for the process/actions)
C - cultural competence (approach w/cultural competence / know limitations)
T - trust (earn confidence)
What is the Teach Back method?
an intervention that helps you to confirm that you have explained what a patient needs to know in a manner that the patient understands. It is an ongoing process of asking patents for feedback through explanation or demonstrations. NOT intended to test a patient.
What is marginalization?
treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral. (groups are left out)
What does Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competency refer to?
the understanding of ones own biases about human behavior.
Under inclusion (intersectionality)
being overlooked in research and the design of interventions.
Social inequality (intersectionality)
groups have unequal access to resources, services, and positions.
Social location (intersectionality)
one’s place in society is based on membership in a social group.
Explain the LEARN communication technique.
L - listen with empathy, understanding your patient’s perception.
E - explain your perceptions of the problem
A - acknowledge differences and similarities
R - recommend treatment
N - negotiate agreement
What population group should be monitored closely for liver cancer?
Asian Americans
Cultural competency
the enabling of health care providers to deliver services that are respectful of and responsive to the health beliefs, practices, and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse patients
Transcultural nursing
a comparative study of cultures to understand their similarities (culture that is universal) and the differences among them (culture that is specific to particular groups).
Culturally congruent care
care that fits a person’s life patterns, values, and system of meaning. (offering cultural care)
What does the communication technique mnemonic ETHNIC stand for?
Explanation - patient's perception Treatment - already tried Healers - alternative treatment Negotiate - acceptable option Intervention - agree Collaboration - include patient, family member, and other health care members
What group do core measures reduce health disparities for and what is its goal/focus?
poor people - to help mortality, complications, and inpatient readmissions
Whats the difference between culturally congruent care and culturally competent care?
Culturally congruent care is the application of care that is in line with the patients culture, values, and beliefs and cultural competency is the process, including examining own biases and understanding other cultures, that is taken to be able to provide culturally congruent care.
Emic
relating to or denoting an approach to the study or description of a particular language or culture in terms of its internal elements and their functioning rather than in terms of any existing external scheme.
Etic
relating to or denoting an approach to the study or description of a particular language or culture that is general, nonstructural, and objective in its perspective.
What are the five components of cultural competency?
- cultural awareness
- cultural knowledge
- cultural skills
- cultural encounters
- cultural desire
intersectionality
belonging simultaneously to multiple social groups.
Family durability
system of support and structure within a family that extends beyond the walls of the household
Family resilience
ability cope with expected and unexpected stressors
Family diversity
uniqueness of each family unit
Nuclear family
married couples and one or more children
Extended family
includes relatives in addition to the nuclear family
Single-Parent family
one parent leaves the nuclear family because of death, divorce, or desertion or when a single person decides to have or adopt a child
Blended family
formed when parents brin unrelated children from prior adoptive or foster parenting relationships into a new, joint living situation.
Alternative family
multi-adult households, grandparents caring for grandchildren, communal groups with children, cohabitation partners. same sex partners
What are the three levels of family nursing practice?
- family as context
- family as patient
- family as system
What is patient fragmented care?
ignoring the family and centering on the patient
What is family resiliency?
the ability of the family to adapt to changes/stressors
Why are more grandparents raising their grandchildren at this point in time?
do to the methamphetamine epidemic
What is the percentage of women that work outside the home?
about 60%
What are threats to the nuclear family?
homelessness domestic violence accessibility financial stability homosexuality religious freedoms
What is family hardiness?
the internal strengths and durability of the family unit. Sees growth/change as beneficial and actively adapts.
Family as context
primary focus is on the health and development of an individual member existing within a specific environment
Family as patient
primary focus of nursing care is on the family processes and relationships
Family as system
focus is on caring for each family member (family as content) and the family unit (family as patient), using all available environmental, social, psychological and community resources.
What are the five areas of family life to include in an assessment of the needs of a family?
- interactive processes
- developmental processes
- coping processes
- integrity processes
- health processes
What societal factors contribute to more grandparents raising their grandchildren?
military deployment unemployment adolescent pregnancy substance abuse divorce rate
Why do most grandparents resume a parenting role for their grandchildren?
as consequences of legal intervention when parents are unfit or renounce their parental obligation.
community health nurse
nursing practice in the community, with the primary focus on the health care of individuals, families and groups within the community
Goal: is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health.
community based nursing
nurses focus on the needs of an individual or family
public health nursing
focuses on the needs of a population
Erikson’s stage (birth to 1 year):
Trust vs. Mistrust: establishing a basic sense of trust is essential for the development of a healthy personality.
Erikson’s stage (1-3 years):
Autonomy vs. Sense of Shame and Doubt: A child learns autonomy through making choices or shame and doubt due to harsh punishments for the choices they make. Success leads to self control and will power.
Erikson’s stage (3-6 years):
Initiative vs. Guilt: role play/imagination allows a child to further their environment or be limited in their behavior due to harsh punishment. Success results in direction and purpose. Failure results in guilt.
Erikson’s stage (6-11 years):
Industry vs Inferiority: learning socially productive skills. If a child has trouble with these skills they develop a sense of inadequacy and inferiority. success = competency
Erikson’s stage (puberty)
Identity vs role confusion: identity development begins with the goal of achieving some perspective or direction. success develops trust in devotion and faithfulness to self and others
Erikson’s stage (young adult)
intimacy vs. isolation: search for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship. failure results in isolation
Erikson’s stage (middle age)
generatively vs self-absorption and stagnation: support of future generations/caring for others. failure results in stagnation
Erikson’s stage (old age)
Integrity vs despair
trough
minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose (lowest level of blood in the drug)
Why is it important to know the trough concentration?
so the patient does not have a toxic build up of a drug in their system.
serum half life
time for serum med concentration to be halved; the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the amount of unchanged medication by half.
onset
time it takes after a med is given for it to produce a response
peak
time at which a med reaches its highest effective concetnration
duration
time during which the med is present in concentration great enough to produce a response.
plateau
blood serum concentration is reached and maintained
What are the basic elements for physician orders?
- patient’s full name
- date and time order was written
- drug name
- dosage
- route
- time and frequency
- signature of provider
