MedSurge Spring 2020 Test 1

Question 1

What are the four eye functions that provide clear images and vision?

Answer 1

refraction
pupillary constriction
accommodation
convergence

Question 2

Refraction

Answer 2

bends light rays from the outside in to the eye through curved surfaces and refractive media and finally to the retina.

Question 3

Emmetropia

Answer 3

the perfect refraction of the eye in which light rays from a distant source are focused into a sharp image on the retina.

Question 4

Hyperopia

Answer 4

farsightedness (near vision is poor)

Question 5

Myopia

Answer 5

Nearsightedness (distance vision is poor)

Question 6

Astigmatism

Answer 6

refractive error caused by unevenly curved surfaces on or in the eye, especially the cornea (vision is distorted)

Question 7

Miosis

Answer 7

pupillary constriction

Question 8

Mydriasis

Answer 8

pupillary dilation

Question 9

Convergence

Answer 9

the ability to turn both eyes inward toward the nose at the same time (ensures that only a single image of an object up close is seen.

Question 10

Ectropion

Answer 10

and age associated change where the lower eyelid relaxes and falls away from the eye

Question 11

Arcus senilis

Answer 11

an opaque, bluish-white ring within the outer edge of the cornea caused by fat deposits

Question 12

What structural eye changes are associated with aging?

Answer 12

• decreased muscle tone
• ectropion
• arcus senilis
• cornea flattens and becomes irregular
• iris less able to dilate

Question 13

What functional eye changes are associated with aging?

Answer 13

• lens hardens, compacts, forms cataract
• near point of vision increases
• presbyopia (reading material needs to be held further away to see clearly
• far point of vision decreases
• general color perception decreases
• higher intraocular pressure

Question 14

What teaching topics should be taught to adults regarding their vision?

Answer 14

• eye protection methods
• adequate nutrition
• importance of regular eye examinations

Question 15

How often should adults have eye examinations?

Answer 15

• With refractive error: annually
• Young adults with no error: every 3-5 years
• Older than 40: annually including assessments of IOP and visual fields.

Question 16

Lack of what vitamin can lead to blindness?

Answer 16

Vitamin A

Question 17

What foods support vision and eye health?

Answer 17

foods rich in lutein and beta carotene;

fruit and red, orange, and dark green vegetables.