Vocab Words Flashcards
Accessory
assisting
(i.e. accessory muscles of respiration = intercostals and neck muscles may be used to increase ventilation in patients with labored breathing midline)
Afebrile
no fever; regular temperature
Ambulate
to walk
Analgesic
relieving pains
Anasarca
severe generalized edema
Anuria
absence of urine formation
Antihypertensive
an agent that prevents high blood pressure
Antipyretic
an agent that reduces fever
Ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
Auscultation
listen for sounds within the body
-a stethoscope is needed
Apnea
no breathing
Bilateral
relating to two sides (left and right)
Biopsy
obtaining a tissue sample by syringe or surgery for microscopic examination
Borborygmi
gurgling sound heard over the large intestine = normal, hyperactive bowel sounds
Braden Scale
assessment tool to determine if a person is at risk for developing pressure ulcers
-the lower the number, the higher the risk for pressure ulcer development
Bradycardia
abnormally slow heart rate
-pulse rate below 60 beats per minute
Bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
-respiratory rate below 12 per minute, regular rhythm
Bruit
a sound or murmur heard in auscultation (abnormal)
Cheyne Stokes Respiration
apnea-then gradual increase in respiratory rate and depth- then decrease in rate and depth- then the same respiratory cycle starts again
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
refers to disease that obstruct airflow and is characterized by bronchoconstriction and dyspnea. -Diseases associated: -bronchitis -emphysema Needs to be in orthopneic position
Emphysema
-loss of lunch elasticity
-hyper-inflated lung
-damaged alveoli resulting in loss of elastic recoil, increased airway resistance and altered oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
(oxygen levels in the blood decrease (hypoxemia) and carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase (hypercarbia)
Hypoxemia
oxygen levels in the blood decrease
hypercarbia
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase
Chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles leading to production of large amounts of thick mucous and thickened bronchial walls, which impede air flow
-this results in hypoxema and hypercarbia
Orthopneic position
sitting up and leaning forward, to ease the work of breathing
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
heart failure is a state in which the heart is no longer able to pump an adequate supply of blood to meet the demands of the body
- refers to a state of circulatory congestion resulting from heart failure
- left sided ventricular failure results in pulmonary congestion, the lungs fill with fluid causing dyspnea, cough or orthopnea.
- right sided ventricular failure results in systemic venous congestion resulting in edema, liver enlargement, ascites, and anasarca causing distended neck veins, pitting edema, bounding pulse, increased BP from excess volume or decreased BP from heart failure, and rapid increase in weight
- CHF causes decreased cardiac output resulting in fatigue, activity intolerance, anxiety, and decreased urine output
CHF: Left sided ventricular failure
results in pulmonary congestion, the lungs fill up with fluid causing dyspnea, cough, or orthopnea
CHF: Right sided ventricular failure
results in systemic venous congestion resulting in edema, liver enlargement, ascites, and anasarca causing distended neck veins, pitting edema, bounding pulse, increased BP from excess volume or decreased BP from heart failure, and rapid increase in weight
Crepitus
presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue
-crackling feeling often described as “rice crispies” on palpation due to movement of air through the tissues
(the same term is used with pathologic joint conditions and on movements of ends of broken bone)
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes (decreased hemoglobin/ oxygen in the blood =hypoxia)
Hypoxia
decreased hemoglobin/ oxygen in the blood
Dependent
hanging down (i.e. dependent edema = edema developing in the foot and ankle while sitting or standing)
Diaphoresis
profuse sweating (diaphoretic = covered by sweat)
Differentiate
to distinguish between, note a difference between things
Distension
to stretch out, to become swollen
Diuresis
increased secretion of urine
Diuretic
an agent that increases urinary excretion/ output
Dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing
-The client states: “I cant breathe”
Dysrhythmia/ Arrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm/ irregular heart rhythm (pulse)
Ecchymosis
bleeding under the skin or mucous membrane, bruise, irregular blue or purplish patches
Edema
accumulation of excess fluid in a fluid compartment (swelling)
Epistaxis
nosebleed
Erythema
redness of the skin
Eupnea
normal respiratory rate/ rhythm, expiration longer than inspiration
Exhibit
to show, display
Expectorate
the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the airways or lungs
Extension
straight, increase in angle between bones forming a joint (brings a limb to a straight position)
Extubate
removal of a tube (i.e. removal of an endotracheal tube connected to a ventilator)
Febrile
having a fever
Flushed
redness of the skin
Fowler’s Position
head of bed raised to 45 degrees
Gait
the way, style, or manner of walking
General
nonspecific
i.e. generalized edema = edema all over the body
