NURS 171 Week 10: Minerals

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

• occur naturally in foods, as food additives and in supplements
• macro-minerals (major)
• trace minerals

Question 2

Macrominerals

Answer 2

(major)

• needed in amounts >100 mg/day
• calcium, potassium, magnesium. phosphorus, sodium

Question 3

Trace Minerals

Answer 3

essential but in lower concentration

• copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, zinc
• absorbed mostly in small intestine
• self regulates absorption + excretion

Question 4

What Do Minerals Assist In?

Answer 4

• fluid regulation
• nerve impulse transmission
• energy production
• essential for healthy bones + blood
• help rid body of by productions of metabolism
• believed to play a key role in disease prevention + treatment

Question 5

Mineral Deficiencies

Answer 5

• Calcium= osteoporosis
• Iron= anemia
• Magnesium= hypertension and coronary artery disease

Question 6

Excess Sodium Leads to

Answer 6

• hypertension
• MI
• CVA

Question 7

Macrominerals: Calcium Function

Answer 7

• Bone + teeth formation
• blood clotting
• nerve conduction
• muscle contractions
• cellular metabolism
• heart action

Question 8

Macrominerals: Calcium Sources

Answer 8

• dairy products

- green leafy vegetables

Question 9

Calcium: Effects of Deficiency

Answer 9

• bone loss
• tetany
• rickets
• osteoporosis

Question 10

Macrominerals: Magnesium Function

Answer 10

• aids thyroid hormone secretion
• maintains normal basal metabolic rate
• activates enzymes for carbohydrate and protein metabolism
• nerve + muscle function
• cardiac function

Question 11

Magnesium: Sources

Answer 11

• whole grains
• nuts
• legumes
• green leafy vegetables
• potatoes

Question 12

Magnesium: Effects of Deficiency

Answer 12

• tremor
• spasm
• convulsions
• weakness
• muscle pain
• poor cardiac function

Question 13

Macrominerals: Phosphorus (P) Function

Answer 13

• bone + tooth strength
• overall metabolism
• formation of enzymes
• acid-base balance

Question 14

Phosphorus: Sources

Answer 14

• dairy products
• beef
• pork
• beans
• sardines

Question 15

Phosphorus: Effects of Deficiency

Answer 15

• bone loss

- poor growth

Question 16

Macrominerals: Potassium (K+) Function

Answer 16

• intracellular fluid control
• acid-base balance
• nerve transmission
• muscle contraction

Question 17

Potassium (k+): Sources

Answer 17

• unprocessed foods
• fruits
• vegetables
• meats
• potatoes
• avocados
• legumes
• milk
• molasses
• shellfish
• dates
• figs

Question 18

Potassium (k+): Effects of Deficiency

Answer 18

-muscle weakness

Question 19

Potassium (K+): Signs of Excess

Answer 19

• cardiac dysrhythmias
• cardiac arrest
• weakness

Question 20

Macro-nutrient: Sodium (NA+) Function

Answer 20

• water balance
• acid-base balance
• muscle action
• nerve transmission
• convulsions

Question 21

Sodium (Na+): Sources

Answer 21

• table salt (NaCl)
• milk
• meat
• eggs
• baking soda
• baking powder
• celery
• spinach
• carrots
• beets

Question 22

Sodium (Na+): Effects of Deficiency

Answer 22

• dizziness
• abdominal cramping
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• tachycardia

Question 23

Sodium (Na+): Symptoms of Excess

Answer 23

• thirst
• fever
• dry + sticky tongue
• dry mucous membranes
• restlessness
• irritability