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Nursing 171 > NURS 171: Electrolyte Imbalances > Flashcards

NURS 171: Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

-Common Causes:
>malabsorption
>vitamin D deficiency

-Signs + Symptoms: 
>numbness + tingling of extremities 
>muscle cramps
>cardiac irritability 
>convulsions
>positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's Signs
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2
Q

Hypocalcemia: Common Causes

A
  • malabsorption

- vitamin D deficiency

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3
Q

Hypocalcemia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • numbness + tingling of extremities
  • muscle cramps
  • convulsions
  • cardiac irritability
  • positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs
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4
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

-Common Causes:
>malignant bone disease
>Thiazide diuretics

-Signs + Symptoms:
>muscle weakness

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5
Q

Hypercalcemia: Common Causes

A
  • malignant bone disease

- thiazide diuretics

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6
Q

Hypercalcemia: Signs + Symptoms

A

muscle weakness

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7
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

-Common Causes:
>chronic alcoholism

-Signs + Symptoms:
>disorientation
>dysrhythmias

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8
Q

Hypomagnesemia: Common Causes

A

chronic alcoholism

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9
Q

Hypomagnesemia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • disorientation

- dysrhythmias

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10
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

-Common Causes:
>renal failure

-Signs + Symptoms:
>hypo-active reflexes

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11
Q

Hypermagnesemia: Common Causes

A

renal failure

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12
Q

Hypermagnesemia: Signs + Symptoms

A

hypoactive reflexes

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13
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

-Common Causes:
>alcohol withdraw

-Signs + Symptoms:
>paresthesia (“pins + needles”)
>seizures

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14
Q

Hypophosphatemia: Common Causes

A

alcohol withdraw

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15
Q

Hypophosphatemia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • paresthesia (“pins + needles”)

- seizures

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16
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

-Common Causes:
>renal failure

-Signs + Symptoms:
>tingling of extremities
>cramping

17
Q

Hyperphosphatemia: Common Causes

A

renal failure

18
Q

Hyperphosphatemia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • tingling of extremities

- cramping

19
Q

Hyponatremia

A

(< 135 mEq/L)
-Common Causes:
>diuretics

-Signs + Symptoms:
>anorexia, nausea, vomiting 
>weakness
>confusion
>muscle cramps or twitching
20
Q

Hyponatremia: Common Causes

A

diuretics

21
Q

Hyponatremia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • anorexia, nausea, vomiting
  • weakness
  • confusion
  • muscle cramps or twitching
22
Q

Hypernatremia

A 
(> 145 mEq/L)
-Common Causes:
>excessive sodium intake
>water deprivation
>increased water loss through profuse sweating, heat stroke, or diabetes insipidus 
-Signs + Symptoms:
>thirst
>dry mouth + sticky mucous membranes
>hallucinations
>seizures
23
Q

Hypernatremia: Common Causes

A
  • excessive sodium intake
  • water deprivation
  • increased water loss through profuse sweating, heat stroke, or diabetes insipidus
24
Q

Hypernatremia: Signs + Symptoms

A

-thirst
-dry mouth + sticky mucous membranes
If severe:
-hallucinations
-seizures

25
Q

Hypokalemia

A

(<3.5 mEq/L)
-Common Causes:
>diuretics
>GI fluid loss through vomiting, gastric suction, or diarrhea

-Signs + Symptoms:
>anorexia, nausea, vomiting
>muscle weakness
>dysrhythmias
>flat T wave on ECG
26
Q

Hypokalemia: Common Causes

A
  • diuretics

- GI fluid loss through vomiting, gastric suction, or diarrhea

27
Q

Hypokalemia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • anorexia, nausea, vomiting
  • muscle weakness
  • dysrhythmias
  • flat T wave on ECG
28
Q

Hyperkalemia

A 
(> 5.0 mEq/L)
-Common Causes:
>renal failure
>high potassium intake coupled with renal insufficiency
>acidosis
>hemolyzed serum sample produces

-Signs + Symptoms:
>muscle weakness
>Dysrhythmias
>tall T waves on ECG

29
Q

Hyperkalemia: Common Causes

A
  • renal failure
  • high potassium intake coupled with renal insufficiency
  • acidosis
  • hemolyzed serum sample produces
30
Q

Hyperkalemia: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • muscle weakness
  • dysrhythmias
  • tall T waves on ECG

Nursing 171 (38 decks)

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