Physical Assessment: Urinary System Flashcards
Kidneys
-filter metabolic wastes, toxins, excess ions, and water from the blood and excrete them as urine
-help regulate blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance by selectively reabsorbing water and other substances
>Secondary Function:
-produce erythropoietin, secret enzyme renin and activate vitamin D3
Nephron
-form urine
-basic structural and functional unit of kidney
Consists of:
-bowman’s capsule
-series of filtrating tubules
-collecting duct
Ureters
transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder
stores urine
Urethra
transports urine from the bladder to the bodys exterior
Urinary Elimination
- voiding
- filling of the bladder–> 200 to 450 mL
- activation of stretch receptors in bladder wall
- signaling to the voiding reflex center
- contraction of detrusor muscle
- conscious relaxation of external urethral sphincter
Indicators of Normal Urinary Continence
- recognizes urge to void
- maintains predictable pattern of voiding
- responds to urge in timely manner
- voids in appropriate receptacle
- voids > 150 mL each time
- starts + stops stream
- empties bladder completely
- measuring I’s & O’s
- manages clothing + toilets independently
- identifies medications that interfere with urinary control
Indicators of Abnormal Urinary Continence
-urine leakage between voiding
-post void residual > 100-200 mL
-urine leakage with increased abdominal pressure
(sneezing, laughing, lifting)
-wets under clothing during day and at night
Genitourinary Changes of Aging
- decreased blood flow to kidneys resulting in fewer nephrons and slower excretion of waste products
- bladder capacity decreased by 50% and decreased sphincter muscle control
- decreased thirst, risk for dehydration
- urinary frequency, retention and nocturia
- prostatic hypertrophy
