VOCAB—advanced 8 Flashcards
the way in which something came about / the way something put together (e.g. the origins of a village)
成り立ち
[なりたち]
commanding / generalship
to command / to be the general of / to lead (an army, etc.)
統率
[とうそつ]
統率する
lodging
to lodge (temporarily) / to rent a room somewhere
間借り
[まがり]
間借りする
novel, new, original (idea, etc.)
斬新
[ざんしん]
a solo exhibition (esp. of art), a one-man show
個展
[こてん]
child actor, child talent / a role for a child in a movie, tv show, etc.
子役
[こやく]
indolence, laziness, sloth
stubble, a 5-o’clock shadow, an unshaven beard (esp. when one is too lazy)
無精
[ぶしょう]
無精髭
[ぶしょうひげ]
internal pressure
external pressure
内圧
[ないあつ]
外圧
[がいあつ]
(recreational) fishing boat
small fishing boat
釣り船
[つりぶね]
釣り舟
ground level
地平
[ちへい]
an official title (e.g. assistant to the regional manager), how one is addressed
肩書き
[かたがき]
tightly knit (community, etc.), with a sense of closeness
緊密
[きんみつ]
cognition / cognitive—
to use one’s cognition (to recognize and be aware of)
cognitive impairment, senile dementia (somewhat sensitive use)
認知
[にんち]
認知する
認知症
[にんちしょう]
rain water
雨水
[うすい]
cranium, head, neck and head area (scientific use)
頭部
[とうぶ]
botanical garden
植物園
[しょくぶつえん]
bronze statue
銅像
[どうぞう]
wetlands
湿地
[しっち]
a ghost story
怪談
[かいだん]
frozen (wages, roads, food, etc.)
to freeze (wages, etc.) / to become frozen (roads, food, etc.)
凍結
[とうけつ]
凍結する
burial mound, tomb
塚
[つか]
skeleton
骸骨
[がいこつ]
スケルトン
vanity
虚栄心
[きょえいしん]
(real estate) properties / objects, articles (alt. use)
物件
[ぶっけん]
blood donation
blood donor
献血
[けんけつ]
献血者
[けんけつしゃ]
creaking, squeaking, a grating sound
軋み
[きしみ]
—shape(d) —state —condition
—状
[—じょう]
(one) look, (a quick) glance
to take one look at something
in a glimpse, (mere) sight of / complete view, bird’s-eye view
一目
[いちもく]
一目する
一目
[ひとめ]
bedding (sheets, pillows, etc.)
寝具
[しんぐ]
earthquake disaster
the great kanto earthquake of 1923
震災
[しんさい]
関東大震災
[かんとうだいしんさい]
second marriage
to re-marry
再婚
[さいこん]
再婚する
an outbreak, a sudden occurrence
to break out (in war, etc.) / to experience a sudden occurrence
勃発
[ぼっぱつ]
勃発する
—intensive, being intensive / consolidation, aggregation
to be intensive / to consolidate (into) / to aggregate / to integrate
集約
[しゅうやく]
集約する
prey (to be hunted by omnivores)
獲物
[えもの]
rain boots, rubber boots
雨靴
[あまぐつ]
scouting, reconnaissance
to scout out / to spy on / to go on a reconnaissance mission
偵察
[ていさつ]
偵察する
clean-up, purification
to cleanse / to purify (dirty water, etc.)
浄化
[しょうか]
浄化する
a passenger boat
客船
[きゃくせん]
Kanagawa prefecture (in the kantō region, near Tokyo)
神奈川県
[かながわけん]
heavy clothing
to wear heavy or thick clothing / to dress warmly
厚着
[あつぎ]
厚着する
total upheaval
to experience total upheaval, a great shock, agitation (e.g. Austria during the annexation into Germany)
激動
[げきどう]
激動する
bodily organs (usu. when for transplant or donation)
臓器
[ぞうき]
sleuth, (private) investigator, (non-police) detective
探偵
[たんてい]
conveyor belt sushi restaurant
回転寿司
[かいてんずし]
Jizō (the bodhisattva who looks over children, pregnant women, travelers, and the underworld)
地蔵
[じぞう]
お地蔵さん
AIDS (loan word)
エイズ
paste, pasting
to paste (adhesive, food, text etc.)
(loan word)
ペースト
ペーストする
a given name, a name someone goes by (other than their original name)
呼び名
[よびな]
numerical value, quantitive value
numerical, quantitative
数値
[すうち]
数値的
dementia (medical, scientific use)
痴呆
[ちほう]
痴呆症
[ちほうしょう]
blood relation, blood relative
血縁
[けつえん]
after the rain….
雨上がり
[あまあがり]
presiding over
to preside over or supervise (a company, etc.)
chairman, supervisor
主宰
[しゅさい]
主宰する
主宰者
[しゅさいしゃ]
reception and acceptance
to receive and accept
受容
[じゅよう]
受容する
a master painter or artist (honorific term)
画伯
[がかく]
clunk, thump, thud
onomatopoeic
ことん
ことんと
exhibiting
to exhibit (artwork, etc.) / to put out on display
出展
[しゅってん]
出展する
adverse effect(s), harmful influence(s)
弊害
[へいがい]
diagonal (kanji use)
斜
[はす]
sneakers, athletic shoes
運動靴
[うんどうぐつ]
(historical) pedigree, (ancient) origin or lineage
由緒
[ゆいしょ]
delight, rejoicing
to delight (in) / to rejoice / to be overjoyed
歓喜
[かんき]
歓喜する
worship at a shrine or temple
to worship or pay homage at a shrine or temple
a worshiper (a vistior to a shrine)
参拝
[さんぱい]
参拝する
参拝者
[さんぱいしゃ]
misprint (loan word)
ミスプリント
light clothing
to wear light or thin clothing / to dress lightly
薄着
[うすぎ]
薄着する
percussion instrument
打楽器
[だがっき]
the progress of work, the process(es) of work
工程
[こうてい]
taking place
to take place / to occur / to happen (alt. use)
dealings, transactions / workmanship, execution / results, scores, grades
出来
[しゅったい]
出来する
[しゅったいする]
出来
[でき]
material properties, the quality of (a certain) material
材質
[ざいしつ]
ventilation (the ability for air to move through a space)
風通し
[かぜとおし]
serene, clear (e.g. a lake)
清澄
[せいちょう]
a standstill, being stranded or stalled
to come to a standstill (esp. in traffic) / to be stranded or stalled (for a period of time)
立ち往生
[たちおうじょう]
立ち往生する
annexation
to be annexed (esp. a country into another country) / to merge into one entity
併合
[へいごう]
併合する
the contents of a letter
文面
[ぶんめん]
designation (with a name)
to designate / to assign a name to (e.g. giving a name to a new movement like “cubism”)
呼称
[こしょう]
呼称する
an attempt (at a murder, crime, etc.)
未遂
[みすい]
a musical composition, a number (esp. in classical music)
楽曲
[がっきょく]
current status, current circumstances, recent state
近況
[きんきょう]
commodity, item / a list of items
business commodities, business items
品目
[ひんもく]
営業品目
[えいぎょうひんもく]
zero degrees, freezing point (in celsius)
零度
[れいど]
a performer’s lines (in a play, etc.) / one’s words, one’s line
台詞
[せりふ]
the inside of the body, the interior of the body
体内
[たいない]
a vision, apparitions, illusions, dreams (kanji use)
幻
[まぼろし]
iron scraps, pieces of iron
鉄片
[てっぺん]
transitioning
to undergo a change / to transition (e.g. from one season to another)
推移
[すいい]
推移する
the upper grades of elementary school (esp. 5th and 6th)
高学年
[こうがくねん]
Yokohama
横浜
[よこはま]
wild birds
birdwatching
野鳥
[やちょう]
野鳥観察
[やちょうかんさつ]
(walking) pace
歩調
[ほちょう]
goblin, monster, strange creature
化け物
[ばけもの]
turning by hand / hand-turned, hand-cranked
various preparations or arrangements
手回し
[てまわし]
heart rate, heartbeat
心拍
[しんぱく]
dismantlement and removal
to remove (after dismantling) / to clear away (e.g. old stones from a shrine) / to demolish
撤去
[てっきょ]
撤去する
jail
監獄
[かんごく]
grain of rice
米粒
[ごめつぶ]
sea bream (porgy)
鯛
[たい]
accumulation
to accumulate / to collect (in large amounts) / to pile up
accumulating spot (e.g. for garbage)
garbage collection point (within a neighborhood)
集積
[しゅうせき]
集積する
集積場
[しゅうせきじょう]
ゴミ集積場
geometry
幾何学
[きかがく]
archeology
archeologist
archeological
考古学
[こうこがく]
考古学者
[こうこがくしゃ]
考古学的
glacier
氷河
[ひょうが]
bamboo shoots
たけのこ
empty columns, blank space (to be filled-in)
空欄
[くうらん]
herbs (loan word)
ハーブ
the climax (esp. sexual)
絶頂
[ぜっちょう]
foothold, footing
scaffolding, scaffold (esp. at a construction site)
足場
[あしば]
a joint establishment (esp. schools of a different level or course of study)
to be used as a joint establishment / to operate as a multi-purpose school, etc.
併設
[へいせつ]
併設する
a buddhist prayer
to chant the name of buddha / to recite a buddhist prayer
念仏
[ねんぶつ]
念仏を唱える
[ねんぶつをとなえる]
composition, make-up
to be composed of / to be comprised of / to be made up of
組成
[そせい]
組成する
test, trial, tribulation, probation
試練
[しれん]
science and technology, science and engineering
理工
[りこう]
a drop, a drip (of water, etc.)
滴
[しずく]
most difficult, next to impossible
a Herculean task, a nearly impossible undertaking
至難
[しなん]
至難の業
[しなんのわざ]
humble language (e.g. itadaku)
謙譲語
[けんじょうご]
total immersion in
to be totally immersed in…. / to be totally absorbed by…. / to give oneself entirely to….
没頭
[ぼっとう]
没頭する
play, drama (esp. when written)
戯曲
[ぎきょく]
being well-versed in
to be well-versed in / to be “in the know”
精通
[せいつう]
精通する
as if…. as it were…. as though…. (special literary use)
あたかも
あたかものよう
early-modern times (In Japan, the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the Edo period, 1568-1867)
early-modern literature, Edo-period literature
近世
[きんせい]
近世文学
shogi player / go player
棋士
[きし]
wild boar
イノシシ
restoration (esp. political)
The Meiji Restoration
維新
[いしん]
明治維新
[めいじいしん]
on the brink of— on the verge of—
寸前
[すんぜん]
peaceful, calm, restful
a peaceful sleep, a restful sleep
安らか
[やすらか]
安らかな眠り
[やすらかなねむり]
refusal and rejection
to refuse and reject
拒絶
[きょぜつ]
拒絶する
an audience (of listeners, esp. at a concert, etc.), the people in attendance
聴衆
[ちょうしゅう]
beyond any doubts, unmistakable
紛れもない
[まぎれもない]
a typeface, a particular calligraphic style
書体
[しょたい]
Nara (historical city)
Nara prefecture (in the kansai region)
奈良
[なら]
奈良県
lawnmower
芝刈り機
[しばかりき]
(of) the living body / bio—
bionics (bio-engineering)
生体
[せいたい]
生体工学
[せいたいこうがく]
severance
to sever / to amputate / to cut (ties, lines, etc.)
切断
[せつだん]
切断する
congruence, adaptability
to be congruent with / to conform with / to adapt to
適合
[てきごう]
適合する
implication, intimation
to imply / to intimate / to hint at / to suggest
暗示
[あんじ]
暗示する
a deep breath
to take a deep breath
深呼吸
[しんこきゅう]
深呼吸する
a hint, a clue, a scent (a trace that can be followed)
a handhold
手がかり
[てがかり]
mountain villa, mountain retreat, mountain cottage
山荘
[さんそう]
VIP (important person)
要人
[ようじん]
mejiro (Japanese white-eye bird)
Mejiro (neighborhood in Tokyo)
メジロ
目白
[めじろ]
lovely, dear, precious, sweet
愛しい
> [いとしい]
愛おしい
> [いとおしい]
a favorable impression
好感
[こうかん]
with a slap, with a pop, with a plop (onomatopoeic)
ぽん
ぽんと
fishing port, fishing harbor
漁港
[ぎょこう]
tightly (squeezing), firmly, hard (onomatopoeic)
ぎゅっと
ぎゅっとする
cheap— (as a suffix)
安—
[やす—]
innocence
innocent verdict (not guilty)
無罪
[むざい]
無罪判決
[むざいはんけつ]
guilt, culpability
guilty verdict
有罪
[ゆうざい]
有罪判決
[ゆうざいはんけつ]
prosecution
to collect evidence and prosecute / to examine
public prosecutor
検察
[けんさつ]
検察する
検察官
[けんさつかん]
(thorough) investigation
to investigate (esp. by police or prosecutors)
取り調べ
[とりしらべ]
取り調べする
indictment
to indite / to charge with a crime / to prosecute
起訴
[きそ]
起訴する
mode of life (of living creatures) / ecology
ecosystem
生態
[せいたい]
生態系
[せいたいけい]
clattering, rattling sound (e.g. dishes banging together)
onomatopoeic
かたかた
かたかたと
tangible (concrete, with form)
intangible (formless, immaterial, abstract)
the tangible and intangible, the material and spiritual
有形
[ゆうけい]
無形
[むけい]
有形無形
introspection
to be introspective / to reflect on one’s self
introspective
内省
[ないせい]
内省する
内省的
slowly but steadily…. slowly but continuously…. (onomatopoeic)
じわじわ
じわじわと
I, me (usu. used by girls and young women / archaic use)
あたし
yeah, uh huh / hmm
hmm, well, I see
(interjection)
うむ
ふうむ
food and drink / eating and drinking
to eat and drink
飲食
[いんしょく]
飲食する
a (small) present brought by a guest when visiting someone else’s home
手土産
[てみやげ]
verdict / pronouncement
to give a verdict or sentence (for a crime, etc.) / to give a pronouncement (e.g. of death)
宣告
[せんこく]
宣告する
rear, the back (part)
rear seat (of a car)
後部
[こうぶ]
後部座席
[こうぶざせき]
to make matters worse…. what’s more…. and on top of that…. (conjunction)
おまけに….
foundation, corner stone
as a foundation…. at the outset…. as a basis….
土台
[どだい]
retainer, servants (e.g. all the king’s men)
家来
[けらい]
allusion (to)
to make an allusion to / to reference (something else) / to mention
言及
[げんきゅう]
言及する
aftertaste
後味
[あとあじ]
ideal— perfect— golden—
golden opportunity
in perfect form, going swimmingly
絶好
[ぜっこう]
絶好機
[ぜっこうき]
絶好調
[ぜっこうちょう]
infringement
to infringe upon / to violate (one’s rights, privacy, etc.)
侵害
[しんがい]
侵害する
deconstruction
to deconstruct (e.g. deconstruct an idea) / to disassemble / to dismantle
解体
[かいたい]
解体する
apprehensions
to be apprehensive / to have misgivings / to feel uneasy
危惧
[きぐ]
危惧する
intermediation
to mediate / to act as an intermediary
an intermediary, a go-between (person)
仲介
[ちゅうかい]
仲介する
仲介役
[ちゅうかいやく]
financing, funding
to finance (a new project, etc.) / to fund / to invest in
a financier, an investor
出資
[しゅっし]
出資する
出資者
[しゅっししゃ]
(financial) patronage
to be a patron / to support (financially) / to back (a project, etc.)
a patron, a supporter
後援
[こうえん]
後援する
後援者
[こうえんしゃ]
ulterior motives
the opinions (or judgments) of others
思惑
[おもわく]
peace and quiet (a state of tranquility)
平穏
[へいおん]
seizing, taking control of
to seize / to take control of / to hold the power
掌握
[しょうあく]
掌握する
high official, dignitary
高官
[こうかん]
holding in check, inhibiting
to hold in check / to inhibit / to impede / to obstruct
阻害
[そがい]
阻害する
a stand-in, a substitute person (e.g. a stunt-double)
代役
[だいやく]
preaching / a sermon
to preach / lecture someone / to give a sermon
a preacher
説教
[せっきょう]
説教する
説教者
[せっきょうしゃ]
falling apart
to fall apart (a relationship, marriage, etc.) / to break down (a system, organization, plan, etc.) / to become ruined
破綻
[はたん]
破綻する
(relative) difficulty
the degree of difficulty
難易
[なんい]
難易度
[なんいど]
luminescence, emission of light
to emit light (e.g. an LED)
発光
[はっこう]
発光する
rubbing, scrubbing
to rub briskly
(onomatopoeic)
ごしごし
ごしごしと
ごしごしする
chuckling…. giggling….(onomatopoeic)
くすくす
くすくすと
coding, ciphering
encryption
to encrypt / to encode
暗号
[あんごう]
暗号化
[あんごうか]
暗号化する
what kind of person
many people, all kinds of people, anyone
何人
[なんびと]
何人
> [なにびと]
upheaval, unrest, great disturbance (e.g. before a war)
動乱
[どうらん]
rigorous and severe, cruel (treatment, etc.)
過酷
[かこく]
苛酷
being stationed, being posted
to be stationed (overseas, etc.) / to be posted or positioned in a job (usu. in another country)
駐在
[ちゅうざい]
駐在する
karma (the cosmic law of cause and effect)
因果
[いんが]
inwardly facing, the inside / the way a person is on the inside
内面
[ないめん]
desertion, leaving behind
to leave someone behind
置き去り
[おきざり]
置き去りにする
a flow
to flow (in a liquid-like movement)
fluid, unsettled, mobile
流動
[りゅうどう]
流動する
流動的
manner of speaking
物言い
[ものいい]
moderate, reserved, mild-mannered / in small quantities
to understate / to give a reserved opinion, statement, etc.
控えめ
[ひかえめ]
控えめに言う
[ひかえめにいう]
handsome and noble, chiseled face (usu. in comparison to a doll)
端正
[たんせい]
an ailment
疾患
[しっかん]
old-fashioned, antiquated
古風
[こふう]
brilliant, splendid (achievement, etc.) / promising (future, etc.)
輝やかしい
[かがやかしい]
veins (e.g. seen in the forearms)
静脈
[じょうみゃく]
black and white (photo, etc.) monochrome
good and evil, right and wrong (metaphorically)
白黒
[しろくろ]
isolation, segregation, quarantine
to isolate / to box out / to shut out / to quarantine (esp. with infectious disease)
isolation ward
隔離
[かくり]
隔離する
隔離病棟
[かくりびょうとう]
hospital ward / —ward
isolation ward
病棟
[びょうとう]
隔離病棟
[かくりびょうとう]
in the sea, within the sea
海中
[かいちゅう]
tone, mode or manner of verbal expression
語気
[ごき]
clearing one’s throat
to clear one’s throat (with a small cough, etc.)
咳払い
[せきばらい]
咳払いする
a deep impression
to be deeply impressed by something
感銘
[かんめい]
感銘する
a (notable) difference
a disparity, a gap
差異
[さい]
差違
[さい]
misgivings, doubts, suspicions
疑念
[ぎねん]
elaborate, minute (in detail), precise
in elaborate detail….
緻密
[ちみつ]
緻密に
indiscriminate
無差別
[むさべつ]
a military unit, a force (a particular group of troops)
部隊
[ぶたい]
active duty (esp. in the military) / currently working or holding a position
entering university straight out of high school
現役
[げんえき]
one’s own family, relatives
身内
[みうち]
expression of how one really feels
to reveal / to express / to lay bare (one’s thoughts or feelings)
吐露
[とろ]
吐露する
in a sense….
in some way…. to an extent….
ある意味で
[あるいみで]
ある意味では
[あるいみでは]
highly classified information
機密
[きみつ]
military service (conscription)
兵役
[へいえき]
guts, grit, willpower
根性
[こんじょう]
(final) settlement, a conclusion
to reach a settlement or conclusion
to settle (a legal dispute, etc.)
決着
[けっちゃく]
決着する
決着をつける
without delay…. without a hitch….
滞りなく….
[とどこおりなく….]
idleness, inactivity
無為
[むい]
transient / (crossing by) ferry
transition period
transitional
過渡
[かと]
過渡期
[かとき]
過渡的
older brother and younger sister
兄妹
[けいまい]
a baby girl / a primary schoolgirl
a baby boy / a primary school boy
女児
[じょじ]
男児
[だんじ]
going around, touring, patrolling
to go around / to patrol (police, etc.) / to tour (book tour, etc.) / to make rounds, (doctor, etc.)
traveling exhibition, roadshow
巡回
[じゅんかい]
巡回する
巡回展
[じゅんかいてん]
unpublished
未発表
[みはっぴょう]
roadside
道端
[みちばた]
sticky, icky, gummy
べっとり
べっとりと
chaperon, escort (accompanying to a place)
付き添い
[つきそい]
a difficult or awkward situation
to get stuck with / to end up with (something unpleasant)
to act without restraint / to cut loose
羽目
[はめ]
羽目になる
羽目を外す
[はめをはずす]
logical, coherent
illogical, incoherent
筋の通った
[すじのとおった]
筋の通らない
[すじのとおらない]
trustworthy, steady, solid, sound
着実
[ちゃくじつ]
a believer, adherent (esp. of a religion, etc.)
教徒
[きょうと]
singing
to sing (alt. use)
one’s skill as a singer
歌唱
[かしょう]
歌唱する
歌唱力
[かしょうりょく]
(in a) moment, instantaneous
instantaneously…. in a split second….
瞬時
[しゅんじ]
瞬時に
of a thick make
of a thin make
(used for paper, fabric, etc.)
厚手
[あつで]
薄手
[うすで]
art, technique (often as suffix)
means, method, way
(kanji use)
術
[じゅつ]
術
> [すべ]
over-all length, span
全長
[ぜんちょう]
unexpectedly showing up somewhere
staggering, moving slowly or aimlessly
ふらり
ふらりと
(down) feathers
a down-filled futon
羽毛
[うもう]
羽毛布団
[うもうふとん]
cannon
大砲
[たいほう]
The Mediterranean Sea
地中海
[ちちゅうかい]
relationship (formal use), terms (as in friendly, hostile, etc.)
間柄
[あいだがら]
encouragement (as an abstract concept)
(an act of) encouragement
励まし
[はげまし]
励み
[はげみ]
shrill, piercing, a metallic-sound
ice-cold, very cold
brain freeze
きんきん
きんきんする
an inversion, a reversal
to invert (an image, etc.) / to reverse / to turn over or around (esp. used in computing, mathematics, etc.)
反転
[はんてん]
反転する
winding…. meandering…. twisting and turning…. (e.g. a mountain road)
くねくね
くねくねと
くねくねとする
the surface of the water / sea level
a rise in sea level
海面
[かいめん]
海面上昇
[かいめんじょうしょう]
completion of the first step / a stopping point
to finish up the first step / to reach a point where one feels comfortable pausing
一段落
[ひとだんらく]
一段落する
*** [いちだんらく] reading equally common
immobility, unshakability
不動
[ふどう]
rough design(s)
to have a rough design / to have designs on (the future) / to make a draft or plan
立案
[りつあん]
立案する
fuselage, airframe (the body of an airplane)
機体
[きたい]
gap, space / break, interlude, interval
impenetrable, unimpeachable (clothing, darkness, crowd, etc.)
a chink (in one’s armor, etc.) / a breach (of a relationship)
隙
[すき]
隙がない
[すきがない]
隙
[げき]
at any rate…. in any case….
何はともあれ….
[なにはともあれ….]
within a company, in-house
社内
[しゃない]
the opposite shore
対岸
[たいがん]
the same school
a class reunion, an alumni reunion
alumni, former classmates
同窓
[どうそう]
同窓会
[どうそうかい]
同窓生
[どうそうせい]
getting off
to get off (esp. a bus)
exit (for getting off the bus)
降車
[こうしゃ]
降車する
降車口
[こうしゃぐち]
the sum total
to sum up the total amount
総計
[そうけい]
総計する
(newly) renovated
to be (recently) renovated / to be remodeled / to be refurbished or redecorated
renovated and open (e.g. a new housing complex)
新装
[しんそう]
新装する
新装開店
[しんそうかいてん]
changing room, dressing room, locker room
更衣室
[こういしつ]
one’s post, one’s station, one’s department (within a company, precinct, etc.)
部署
[ぶしょ]
fragrance, scent / flavoring
unscented, fragrance-free / unflavored
香料
[こうりょう]
無香料
[むこうりょう]
seeing off and meeting on return / a pickup service
to see off somewhere and meet upon one’s return (e.g. shuttle to the airport) / to provide a pick-up service
a courtesy car, a shuttle car
送迎
[そうげい]
送迎する
送迎車
[そうげいしゃ]
new rice
novice, newbie, new face
新米
[しんまい]
a duplicate, a replica
to duplicate / to replicate / to copy
複製
[ふくせい]
複製する
going to America
to go to America / to travel to America
渡米
[とべい]
渡米する
a baby under less than year old (an infant)
乳児
[にゅうじ]
charcoal
炭
[すみ]
premises, grounds, campus
構内
[こうない]
pamphlet, booklet
冊子
[さっし]
suspension of service
to suspend (transportation) service / to cancel a flight
欠航
[けっこう]
欠航する
falling down, tumbling / inverting / an upset (in sports)
to fall down / to tumble or turnover / to invert / to get upset (by an underdog, etc.)
転倒
[てんとう]
転倒する
seducer, smooth talker, pick-up artist
to pick up women (usu. on the street, outside a station, etc.)
ナンパ
ナンパする
social event, get-together, mixer
a co-ed or joint party or mixer
コンパ
合コン
[ごうコン]
playing catch, ‘catch ball’ (loan word)
キャッチボール
empty can
空き缶
[あきかん]
strict observance and compliance
to strictly observe or adhere to (the rules, etc.) / to fully comply with
厳守
[げんしゅ]
厳守する
elimination of bacteria
to eliminate bacteria / to get rid of germs
除菌
[じょきん]
除菌する
face lotion
化粧水
[けしょうすい]
a face with no makeup / frankness, candor
素顔
[すがお]
a (formal) apology
to apologize (formally, to the public, etc.)
a published apology
謝罪
[しゃざい]
謝罪する
謝罪広告
[しゃざいこうこく]
tablet, lozenge (from the pharmacy)
錠剤
[じょうざい]
please. … kindly…. if it pleases you…. by all means….
(alt. use)
何とぞ
[なにとぞ]
*** similar to どうぞ
clean (purified) water
water filter, water purification system
浄水
[じょうすい]
浄水器
[じょうすいき]
disease (alt. use)
疾病
[しっぺい]
*** synonym: 病気
pulse, pulse rate (regular beating of the heart)
脈拍
[みゃくはく]
personal connections, network (of people known in business, etc.)
人脈
[じんみゃく]
ceremony, rites (alt. use)
式典
[しきてん]
spear, lance (a samurai weapon)
矛
[ほこ]
by standing…. at the side…. beside…. (esp. for people)
*** grammatical use when written in kana: while at the same time also (doing)….
傍ら
[かたわら]
*** —かたわら….
appendix
appendicitis
(common, not medical use)
盲腸
[もうちょう]
盲腸炎
[もうちょうえん]
an (undesirable) encounter
to encounter / to be confronted with (a difficulty) / to meet with (a problem or accident)
遭遇
[そうぐう]
遭遇する
a potted plant
鉢植え
[はちうえ]
bribery, the accepting of bribes, corruption
贈収賄
[ぞうしゅうわい]
not only…. but also…. (alt., formal use)
N1 + もさることながら + N2
more than…. more than ever…. more than before…. above that….
(formal expression)
N + にもまして
almost as if…. (this is the case)
as though….
(alt., less common use)
V (neg) + んばかりに
V (neg) + んばかりの
V (neg) + んばかりだ
old and new
replacing the old with the new (expression)
to replace the old with the new / to give way to the new
新旧
[しんきゅう]
新旧交代
[しんきゅうこうたい]
新旧交代する
needlework, embroidery
縫い物
[ぬいもの]
(relative) merits / superiority or inferiority
it’s hard to choose because both are excellent….
優劣
[ゆうれつ]
優劣つけがたい
accompaniment
to accompany someone / to go with / to be a companion to (esp. when going somewhere)
同伴
[どうはん]
同伴する
greatly respected teacher or mentor (honorific) / one’s former teacher
恩師
[おんし]
worry, care, anxiety (alt. use)
気苦労
[きぐろう]
fury (extreme force)
猛威
[もうい]
adding special emphasis to a verbs and nouns when repeating the same words twice
V (stem) + に + V (same) + て
VN + に + VN + を重ねて
[をかさねて]
N1 や N2
steep price rise
to rise in price suddenly / to jump in prices
高騰
[こうとう]
高騰する
condensation, condensing
to condense (steam, ideas, emotions, etc.)
凝縮
[ぎょうしゅく]
凝縮する
sunshade, parasol
日傘
[ひがさ]
A device that produces a sound intended to convey caution or attention (horn, foghorn, siren, whistle)
警笛
[けいてき]
a small gift (humble), a gift given out by companies to customers as a token of gratitude or marketing incentive
inferior or low-quality goods
粗品
[そしな]
unexpected meeting, fortuitous encounter
奇遇
[きぐう]
vertical axis
horizontal axis
(used in graphs, etc.)
縦軸
[たてじく]
横軸
[よこじく]
animal husbandry
畜産
[ちくさん]
neck / bottleneck
to become a bottleneck
(loan word)
ネック
ネックになる
battle formation / encampment
group, gang, party, corps
(kanji use)
陣
[じん]
a camp or group of the same ideological beliefs (e.g. a political faction) / a military camp (original meaning)
陣営
[じんえい]
a feudal lord (daimyo)
藩主
[はんしゅ]
strait, channel
porcelain / a city in Aichi synonymous with porcelain
a common surname
瀬戸
[せと]
debt, liabilities, obligation to a person or party (usu. legal or contractual)
credit, claim (a demand of payment)
債務
[さいむ]
債権
[さいけん]
exceptionally fast runner / swift horse
brilliant or talented person
俊足
[しゅんそく]
foolishness, silliness, stupidity, folly
I, me (archaic, humble)
(kanji use)
愚
[ぐ]
servant, footman, valet (esp. in the edo period) / he, she, him, her (archaic, derrogatory)
奴
[やっこ]
the red earth / the color red
cinnabar / medicine (for inducing immortality)
(kanji use)
丹
[に]
丹
[たん]
assiduity
assiduously…. diligently….
丹念
[たんねん]
丹念に
sergeant
軍曹
[ぐんそう]
Confucius
孔子
[こうし]
a (financial) trust
to set up a financial trust / to leave in a trust
信託
[しんたく]
信託する
receiving in trust (esp. money or goods)
to be entrusted with something / to receive (money or goods) in trust
受託
[じゅたく]
受託する
usage in combination
to use together / to use both (things) at the same time
併用
[へいよう]
併用する
digression, many divergences, varied….
to cover a lot of ground / to include a lot of topics / (as adjectival phrase) wide-ranging
多岐
[たき]
多岐に渡る
[たきにわたる]
headstrong, obstinate, stubborn
剛情
[ごうじょう]
*** alt: 強情
sickle (hand-held agricultural tool designed with variously curved blades)
鎌
[かま]
heat wave, intense heat
猛暑
[もうしょ]
secure, calm, tranquil, at peace (e.g. the country vs. the city)
安泰
[あんたい]
ripple (on the surface of water) / repercussions
波紋
[はもん]
sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic
芳しい
[かんばしい]
perfume (alt.), aroma, balm, sweet-scent
芳香
[ほうこう]
(being) within range (radio, commuting, etc.), (being) within the sphere (e.g. of influence)
(being) out of range (e.g. mobile network, radar, missiles), (being) out of contention, (being) beyond influence
圏内
[けんない]
圏外
[けんがい]
steady, sound, reliable, solid
堅実
[けんじつ]
change in appearance
to change one’s appearance / to transform / to transfigure
変貌
[へんぼう]
変貌する
old woman
old lady, hag, bitch / joker card
老婆
[ろうば]
婆
[ばば]
shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm)
尺
[しゃく]
(linear) measure, scale, a tool to measure length / a yardstick (metaphorically), a criterion, a standard
尺度
[しゃくど]
prime of life
壮年
[そうねん]
subjugation
to subjugate / to surpress (e.g. a rebellion)
鎮圧
[ちんあつ]
鎮圧する
petition, appeal
to petition against (e.g. a new building development) / to appeal to
陳情
[ちんじょう]
陳情する
conflict and complications
to have complications / to battle with / to have a discord
etymology: from the tendency of kudzu vines and wisteria to tangle
葛藤
[かっとう]
葛藤する
enlightenment, illumination
to enlighten / to illuminate (a subject) / to spread (public) awareness / to cultivate (young minds, etc.)
啓発
[けいはつ]
啓発する
revelation
to have a revelation (often religious, e.g. a divine revelation)
啓示
[けいじ]
啓示する
retreat, withdrawal
to retreat / to evacuate / to withdrawal (esp. military troops)
撤退
[てったい]
撤退する
origin / appearance of an auspicious omen
to originate / to appear (as an omen, sign, etc.)
the cradle of civilization
発祥
[はっしょう]
発祥する
発祥地
[はっしょうち]
captain, (high) lieutenant
first lieutenant
second lieutenant
大尉
[だいい]
中尉
[ちゅうい]
少尉
[しょうい]
inspector (third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo system)
(noh) old man / white ash (of charcoal)
(kanji use)
尉
[じょう]
queen, princess, consort
a ruler’s wife (empress)
(kanji use)
妃
[ひ]
妃
[きさき]
the crown princess
皇太子妃
[こうたいしひ]
clumsy, unskillful
拙劣
[せつれつ]
hasty, slapdash, rough-and-ready
拙速
[せっそく]
humiliation, mortification
屈辱
[くつじょく]
depopulation
過疎
[かそ]
supernatural being, apparition (the Japanese concept of the yōkai does not map directly to any specific English term)
妖怪
[ようかい]
mirage
蜃気楼
[しんきろう]
(watch)tower, lookout, turret (kanji use)
楼
[ろう]
whirlwind / sensation, commotion, hullabaloo
旋風
[せんぷう]
tsubo (traditional unit of measurement = 3.31 square meters)
坪
[つぼ]
yeast
酵母
[こうぼ]
mulberry (tree)
桑
[くわ]
respectful congratulations
Happy New Year (alt.)
恭賀
[きょうが]
恭賀新年
[きょうがしんねん]
backing (for a position) / to recruit (a candidate)
to back / to support / to recruit / to field (various candidates)
擁立
[ようりつ]
擁立する
spell, charm, incantation (magic word)
呪文
[じゅもん]
old man (alt.), venerable older gentleman
翁
[おう]
dawn, daybreak / event (e.g. in the event of), occasion, occurrence
暁
[あかつき]
torso, trunk, abdomen
frame (of a drum), soundbox (of a samisen), hull (of a ship)
(kanji use)
胴
[どう]
a scar (alt.)
scar (e.g. from operation, injection), trace, mark (e.g. skid marks)
(kanji use)
痕
[あと]
痕
[こん]
logging, lumbering, deforestation
to fell timber / to log / to lumber / to deforest
伐採
[ばっさい]
伐採する
lullaby
子守唄
[こもりうた]
the champion, the titleholder
覇者
[はしゃ]
indecent language / dirty talk
淫語
[いんご]
prison time, prison sentence / imprisonment with hard labor
懲役
[ちょうえき]
brocade / fine dress, fine clothes
錦
[にしき]
an itemized form, itemization
箇条書き
[かじょうがき]
a certain…. (time, place, etc.) / so-and-so….
usu. as prefix
某
[ぼう]
marquis, lord, daimyo (often as suffix)
kanji use
侯
[こう]
marquis (a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The term is also used to translate equivalent oriental styles, as in imperial China, Japan, and Vietnam)
侯爵
[こうしゃく]
limbs, members, appendages / body
肢体
[したい]
to (measure of volume, approx. 18 liters) / Chinese “Dipper” constellation
斗
[と]
ancient burial mound
古墳
[こふん]
Confucianism
儒教
[じゅきょう]
儒学
[じゅがく]
resentment, ill-will, grudge
怨念
[おんねん]
trifling with, toying with
to trifle with / to toy with / to make sport of / to make fun of
翻弄
[ほんろう]
翻弄する
self-restraint, voluntary restraint
to voluntarily refrain from / to use moderation in
自粛
[じしゅく]
自粛する
teacher (alt., especially a licensed teacher)
to teach
教諭
[きょうゆ]
教諭する
arguing someone down, rebuking
to argue down / to rebuke (to declare the truth of something and argue against another person’s mistaken opinion)
喝破
[かっぱ]
喝破する
blackmail, extortion
to blackmail / to extort / to threaten to extort (money)
恐喝
[きょうかつ]
恐喝する
heir, successor (to the throne)
世子
[せいし]
世嗣
[せいし]
imperial decree
勅
[ちょく]
cordial, kind, warm
serious (of illness)
篤い
[あつい]
critical illness (on the verge of death)
危篤
[きとく]
field marshal (in the army, etc.)
元帥
[げんすい]
laquer, varnish
seven (used in legal documents)
(kanji use)
漆
[うるし]
漆
[しち]
jet black
漆黒
[しっこく]
jurisdiction
to have jurisdiction
管轄
[かんかつ]
管轄する
tempering, forging
to temper (metal, etc.) / to forge / to refine / to harden, discipline, or train
鍛錬
[たんれん]
鍛錬する
depravity, degradation
to become depraved / to become corrupt / to fall into degradation
堕落
[だらく]
堕落する
lakeside, lake shore
riverside, by the river
湖畔
[こはん]
河畔
[かはん]
memory (memorial) of the deceased
to mourn the dead / to commemorate the dead
追悼
[ついとう]
追悼する
lapis lazuli
lapis lazuli (very bright blue color)
瑠璃
[るり]
瑠璃色
[るりいろ]
Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)
近畿
[きんき]
early night hours
this evening, tonight (alt.)
宵
[よい]
今宵
[こよい]
to pass away (honorific)
to die / to pass away / to die an honorable death
逝去
[せいきょ]
逝去する
sulfur
sulfuric acid
硫黄
[いおう]
硫酸
[りゅうさん]
casting / mintage, coinage
to cast (metal, etc.) / to mint (coins)
鋳造
[ちゅうぞう]
鋳造する
concealment
to conceal or hide something
隠蔽
[いんぺい]
隠蔽する
a shudder, a shiver / hair-raising
to shudder / to shiver / to tremble (with fear)
戦慄
[せんりつ]
戦慄する
nitric acid
硝酸
[しょうさん]
self restraint, moderating one’s behavior, penitence
house arrest
謹慎
[きんしん]
blacksmith / smithing
鍛冶
[かじ]
legitimate child
嫡子
[ちゃくし]
denunciation
to denounce / to blame / to censure / to impeach
糾弾
[きゅうだん]
糾弾する
side of a boat (gunwale)
starboard (right side of a boat)
port (left side of a boat)
舷
[げん]
右舷
[うげん]
左舷
[さげん]
being killed in the line of duty
to be killed in the line of duty / to die at one’s post
殉職
[じゅんしょく]
殉職する
commonplace, mediocre / banality, mediocrity
凡庸
[ぼんよう]
applause
to applaud / to give an ovation / to give a big hand
喝采
[かっさい]
喝采する
(high) pile of things, accumulation
to pile up high / to deposit in a pile / to accumulate (e.g. sediment)
堆積
[たいせき]
堆積する
an excerpt (from a book, etc.)
抄本
[しょうほん]
ratification
to ratify
批准
[ひじゅん]
批准する
gradient, slope, incline, pitch
勾配
[こうばい]
low price, moderate price, good bargain
廉価
[れんか]
one (used in documents)
壱
[いち]
having an audience with (humble)
to be granted an audience with someone of very high social standing (e.g. the emperor)
拝謁
[はいえつ]
拝謁する
pit (esp. of a mine)
kanji use
坑
[こう]
a message of condolence
弔辞
[ちょうじ]
