VOCAB—advanced 5 Flashcards
fragment, crumb, bit / piece (e.g. puzzle piece)
fragmentary
断片
[だんぺん]
断片的
shipbuilding
to build ships
造船
[ぞうせん]
造船する
being selected, being chosen
to be selected for a contest / to be nominated or chosen
入選
[にゅうせん]
入選する
viewpoint, standpoint / seeing in terms of…. (e.g. seeing everything in terms of profits)
見地
[けんち]
favorite for use, habitual use
to use habitually, to use all the time (e.g. a favorite coffee mug)
愛用
[あいよう]
愛用する
first-aid / emergency
emergency— first-aid—
first-aid kit
応急
[おうきゅう]
救急
[きゅうきゅう]
救急箱
[きゅうきゅうばこ]
getting on and off
to get on and off (a train, etc.)
乗り降り
[のりおり]
乗り降りする
singing voice / sound of singing
歌声
[うたごえ]
bug / a computer bug (loan word)
バグ
organic / organic—
organic(ally)
有機
[ゆうき]
有機的(に)
display, (screen) display
to display (esp. on a computer, phone, etc.)
(loan word)
ディスプレー
ディスプレーする
landowner
地主
[じぬし]
anywhere and everywhere…. to the ends of the earth…. / in all respects….
come hell or high water…. through thick and thin….
どこまでも
injury and harm (alt. use)
危害
[きがい]
corresponding time / (one’s) contemporary
to correspond (in timing) / to be synchronous / to a contemporary (of the same year, etc.)
同期
[どうき]
同期する
new line, new paragraph
to start a new line (esp. in computing)
改行
[かいぎょう]
改行する
a face-to-face talk
to have a face-to-face talk, interview, or meeting
面談
[めんだん]
面談する
a break, a pause, an interruption, a rift
unbroken, non-stop, contiguous
切れ目
[きれめ]
切れ目のない
bed, couch, couchette (esp. for sleeping areas on trains, etc.)
寝台
[しんだい]
child-rearing
to raise children / to bring up a child / to be a parent to
子育て
[こそだて]
子育てする
the figure of a person / the shadow or silhouette of a person
人影
[ひとかげ]
full name (alt. use)
姓名
[せいめい]
relief, rescue, aid / salvation (esp. in buddhism)
to provide relief, to give aid (e.g. to refugees) / to bring salvation
救済
[きゅうさい]
救済する
open for business (a shop, etc. is currently open)
営業中
[えいぎょうちゅう]
requirements, necessary items
必要な事
[ひつようなこと]
career / carrier (loan word)
キャリア
unequivocally…. unconditionally…. as a rule….
cannot say …. as a rule
一概に
[いちがいに]
一概に …. ない
an encumbrance, an (emotional) burden
重荷
[おもに]
alternative (usu. longer) route
to take an alternative route / to go a roundabout way
遠回り
[とおまわり]
遠回りする
Finland (loan word)
フィンランド
resort (loan word)
リゾート
writing-in, filling-in / a posting (e.g. on a blog)
to write-in / to fill-in / to enter (new text, etc.) / to post on (a bulletin, an online forum, etc.)
read-only (esp. a document on a pc)
書き込み
[かきこみ]
書き込みする
書き込み禁止
[かきこみきんし]
the surface of the road
路面
[ろめん]
description (esp. using adjectives)
to describe / to express figuratively / to apply adjectives to
形容
[けいよう]
形容する
counter for letters, documents, notes, etc.
connoisseur, an authority or expert
—通
[—つう]
通
[つう]
coffin, casket
棺
[ひつぎ]
棺
[かん]
(one) point, only one / speck, dot, particle
one point at a time, one at a time / by bits and bits
一点
[いってん]
一点一点
[いってんいってん]
timidly…. a bit fearfully…. (walking in a dark room, etc.)
恐る恐る
[おそるおそる]
the original text (of a novel, etc.)
an original painting (or work of art) / the original picture
原文
[げんぶん]
原画
[げんが]
backtracking / retrogression
to turn back / to retreat / to relapse
後戻り
[あともどり]
後戻りする
powerless, helpless, incompetent
helplessness, a sense of being powerless
無力
[むりょく]
無力感
[むりょくかん]
concurrence, consistence with
to be concurrent with / to comply with / to be consistent with (e.g. behavior consistent with one’s principles)
合致
[がっち]
合致する
low-price, low-cost
安価
[あんか]
whoosh, sizzle, hiss (of a cat)
onomatopoeic
しゃー
シャー
road closed
通行止め
[つうこうどめ]
a Japanese (style) painting
日本画
[にほんが]
inflammation, irritation (of the skin, etc.)
炎症
[えんしょう]
a collection of— a compilation of— (e.g. a collection of stories)
—集
[—しゅう]
chilly, cold / cold-hearted, indifferent
冷ややか
[ひややか]
one effort, one action
with a single swoop…. in a single stroke….
一挙
[いっきょ]
一挙に
[いっきょに]
faint, indistinct, low in contrast (light, etc.) / pale, light (in color)
淡い
[あわい]
practical business, practical work (experience)
business-like
実務
[じつむ]
実務的
damage, wear and tear
to damage / to be damaged (usu. for daily items like cell phones, window screens, etc.)
破損
[はそん]
破損する
recuperation and medical treatment
to provide or receive recuperation and medical treatment (esp. long term)
a sanatorium
療養
[りょうよう]
療養する
療養所
[りょうようしょ]
disregarding a traffic signal
to ignore a traffic signal (either in a car or as a pedestrian jaywalking)
信号無視
[しんごうむし]
信号無視する
circumstances or details / beginning or end of something / a result or outcome (usu. bad) / getting rid of
to come to an end / to be settled / to get rid of / to economize on something (monetary issues)
始末
[しまつ]
始末する
hmm…. humph…. well…. (causal interjection)
ふうん
dead end
行き止まり
[いきどまり]
the next— the following—
the following day
the following morning
(literary use)
明くる—
[あくる—]
明くる日
[あくるひ]
明くる朝
[あくるあさ]
tact, (clever) skill, maneuverability
巧み
[たくみ]
suitability / suitable, reasonable, proper
適正
[てきせい]
catalogue (loan word)
カタログ
vestiges of, relics of, traces of (a person) / the sorrow of parting
名残
[なごり]
the knowledge (and understanding) of, knowing something of, having experience in
心得
[こころえ]
melody (loan word)
メロディー
set in place, fixed (e.g. a fixed location)
所定
[しょてい]
somehow…. in some way…. vaguely…. (noticeable, etc.)
どことなく
interjections indicating one is listening (in a conversation)
to throw in interjections / to make sounds to show one is paying attention
相づち
[あいづち]
相づちを打つ
[あいづちをうつ]
blouse (loan word)
ブラウス
elderliness (respectful term)
年配
[ねんぱい]
bedding, flooring
—bed —floor (e.g. a stone floor)
alcove
(kanji use)
床
[とこ]
—床
[—とこ]
Nagano Prefecture
長野県
[ながのけん]
(one’s) tone of voice
口調
[くちょう]
recreation (loan word)
レクリエーション
integer, whole number
整数
[せいすう]
seminar (loan word)
ゼミ
ゼミナール
(computer) hardware (loan word)
ハード
ハードウェア
partner (loan word)
パートナー
tolerable, passable, adequate
まずまず
proceeds, revenue, returns (in business)
収益
[しゅうえき]
know-how, knack, skill (e.g. one’s skill in a specific dish)
コツ
camouflage, disguise
to be camouflaged / to be disguised (as something else)
偽装
[ぎそう]
偽装する
regular square (colloquial)
真四角
[ましかく]
rough, broad, loose (approximation)
roughly…. broadly…. loosely….
generally speaking….
大まか
> [おおまか]
おおまかに
おおまかにいえば
a small peninsula
崎
[さき]
vitality, energy of the spirit
気力
[きりょく]
conversion, about-face
to convert to / to make a (sudden) shift (to another specialty, field, etc.) / to do an about-face
転向
[てんこう]
転向する
hard of hearing / difficult to hear
耳が遠い
[みみがとおい]
renown, renowned— (artist, etc.)
高名
[こうみょう]
tray (e.g. styrofoam) / mail tray (e.g. inbox or outbox)
loan word
トレイ
moth
蛾
[が]
control, command over
to have control over (oneself, etc.) / to have command over (others, etc.)
制御
[せいぎょ]
制御する
impromptu, instantaneous
right there on the spot… instantaneously…
即座
[そくざ]
即座に
old— already used— secondhand— (as a prefix)
old newspapers
古—
[ふる—]
古新聞
[ふるしんぶん]
a genesis, an origin (e.g. of an incident), a starting point (e.g. of a new painting)
発端
[ほったん]
internationalization
to internationalize
国際化
[こくさいか]
国際化する
(organized) composition, compilation
to create a composition / to put together a compilation (esp. musical)
編成
[へんせい]
編成する
fountain pen
万年筆
[まんねんひつ]
streamlined, expeditious, prompt
迅速
[じんそく]
curtain (loan word)
カーテン
one’s current address
現住所
[げんじゅうしょ]
(corporate) restructuring, downsizing
リストラ
リストラクチュアリング
a mask (worn as a disguise)
仮面
[かめん]
rubbish, garbage / a worthless thing
塵芥
> [ちりあくた]
チリアクタ
later on (e.g. call her later on), eventually
後程
[のちほど]
course fee, lesson fee
entrance fee, admission fee
授業料
[じゅぎょうりょう]
入場料
[にゅうじょうりょう]
(sliding) storm shutters, storm or rain door
雨戸
[あまど]
molding, modeling
to mold (into a specific form) / to model (esp. in art)
造形
[ぞうけい]
造形する
(occurring) in the street, on a street corner
街頭
[がいとう]
strike
loan word
ストライキ
スト
ascetic practices (esp. in buddhism)
to undertake ascetic practices
an ascetic monk
修行
[しゅぎょう]
修行する
修行僧
[しゅぎょうそう]
veterinarian
獣医
[じゅうい]
a roll (of film, cloth, etc.) / a winding / a volume (of a book)
counter for volumes of a book, reels of film, rolls of toilet paper, etc.
巻
[まき]
—巻
[—かん]
place of work (alt. use)
勤め先
[つとめさき]
abuse and misuse
to abuse / to misuse something (e.g. one’s position or power)
悪用
[あくよう]
悪用する
adoration
to adore something
an enthusiast, a devotee (e.g. someone who loves cars)
愛好
[あいこう]
愛好する
愛好者
[あいこうしゃ]
clay
粘土
[ねんど]
the liver
肝臓
[かんぞう]
cave, caverns, grotto (general use)
cave (scientific use)
洞窟
[どうくつ]
洞穴
[ほらあな]
洞穴
[どうけつ]
complaints, objections, shortcomings
to complain / to find something lacking or worthy of criticism
no objections, nothing to criticize
申し分
[もうしぶん]
申し分する
申し分ない
[もうしぶんない]
a waiting list (waiting for a cancellation)
キャンセル待ち
[キャンセルまち]
weeds
雑草
[ざっそう]
ferry service
surface mail (mail delivery by boat)
船便
[ふなびん]
packing tape, parcel tape (loan word)
ガムテープ
great, grand, extremely confident (in skill, ability, etc.)
強気
[ごうき]
*** alt. reading
[つよき]
high speed / rapid-service— (train, etc.)
快速
[かいそく]
requiring immediate action / (doing) in a great hurry
大急ぎ
[おおいそぎ]
大急ぎで
[おおいそぎで]
make and model (esp. of a car, aircraft, or other machine)
型式
[けいしき]
(sports) uniform
loan word
ユニホーム
scarf (loan word)
スカーフ
laundromat, coin laundry (loan word)
コインランドリー
gorge
渓谷
[けいこく]
pack / carton
egg carton
(loan word)
パック
卵パック
[たまごパック]
lavish, plentiful, abundant
ふんだん
(computer) software (loan word)
ソフト
ソフトウエア
opera
opera house
歌劇
[かげき]
歌劇場
[かげきじょう]
density
密度
[みつど]
easy and light, simple (without much effort)
容易い
> [たやすい]
margins (blank space in a document)
余白
[よはく]
window / window on a computer screen
loan word
ウィンドウ
a matter of concern
the person(s) concerned, the parties involved
当事
[とうじ]
当事者
[とうじしゃ]
timid, faint-hearted, wimpish
気が小さい
[きがちいさい]
気の小さい
composition (of a painting, photo, etc.)
構図
[こうず]
foreign country, foreign (and exotic) lands
異国
[いこく]
subject material (e.g. the subject of a painting, documentary, etc.)
題材
[だいざい]
serious (loan word)
シリアス
looking around restlessly
to look around restlessly
(onomatopoeic)
きょろきょろ
きょろきょろする
witnessing first hand
to witness first hand / to see something (in person)
an eye-witness
目撃
[もくげき]
目撃する
目撃者
[もくげきしゃ]
ingenuity / deft, skillful, clever
ingeniously…. deftly….
巧妙
[こうみょう]
巧妙に
surfing
to surf
surfer
(loan word)
サーフィン
サーフィンする
サーファー
clearly…. distinctly…. flatly….
to be clear / to be distinct / to be decisive / to speak flatly
きっぱり
きっぱりと
きっぱりする
feel (a tactile sensation)
to feel a sensation / to experience a sensation / to touch (emotionally and physically)
感触
[かんしょく]
感触する
murder, killing
to commit a murder
殺害
[さつがい]
殺害する
reasonably-priced
格安
[かくやす]
(working) environment / (living) conditions
境遇
[きょうぐう]
a working member of society
社会人
[しゃかいじん]
smelling sweaty
汗臭い
[あせくさい]
a disturbance, disorder, a spot of unrest
乱れ
[みだれ]
developing film
to develop a film / to process photographs
現像
[げんぞう]
現像する
recyclable garbage, recyclable waste
資源ごみ
[しげんごみ]
lasting for a very long time
on and on…. endlessly…. / meandering…. wandering….
延々
[えんえん]
延々と
waterproof—
to make waterproof
waterproof clothing
防水
[ぼうすい]
防水する
防水着
[ぼうすいぎ]
consul
consulate
領事
[りょうじ]
領事館
[りょうじかん]
(for the sake of) convenience, expedience
convenient, expedient, makeshift
便宜
[べんぎ]
便宜的
matter, case, item, affair
one matter, one item
the aforementioned, the incident in question
(kanji use)
件
[けん]
一件
[いっけん]
件
> [くだん]
certain…. some kind of…. some sort of….
ある種
[あるしゅ]
a large amount of money
a large sum
大金
[たいきん]
多額
[たがく]
高額
[こうがく]
unpleasant (causing discomfort)
discomfort
不快
[ふかい]
不快感
[ふかいかん]
handling, managing
to handle / to manage / to treat / to service
manageable, easy to deal with
hard to manage, hard to handle
扱い
[あつかい]
扱いする
扱いやすい
扱いにくい
a charm, an amulet (esp. for good luck, hung on a keychain, etc.)
お守り
[おまもり]
dryer / hairdryer (loan word)
ドライヤー
a spontaneous act / spontaneity
spontaneous
spontaneously….
自発
[じはつ]
自発的
自発的に
the beginning of the month (alt.)
月初め
[つきはじめ]
wooden bowl
ceramic bowl, porcelain bowl
椀
[わん]
碗
[わん]
praise
to give praise
賞賛
[しょうさん]
賞賛する
suitable / suitability, accordance, being proper
相応
[そうおう]
losing one’s bearings / perplexity, confusion, wonderment
to lose one’s bearings (mentally or at sea, etc.) / to be in a state of perplexity, wonder, or confusion
戸惑い
[とまどい]
戸惑いする
very quiet, still, deserted
inconspicuously…. quietly…. modestly….
to be inconspicuous / to be very quiet or still
ひっそり
ひっそりと
ひっそりする
I wonder…. (feminine particle used at the end of a sentence)
….かしら
an objection
having no objection, having nothing to say
異存
[いぞん]
異存がない
cordiality, civility, sociability
engagingly…. cordially…. hospitably…. graciously…. (e.g. graciously accepting one into a home)
cheerful, outgoing, social
愛想
[あいそう]
愛想よく
愛想がいい
time, years and years (usu. to express a long duration)
歳月
[さいげつ]
the human body (medical usage, esp. in anatomy)
身体
[しんたい]
insertion, infixing, incorporation / “insert” (tab on a computer)
to insert (letters, parentheses within text, etc.) / to infix / to incorporate
挿入
[そうにゅう]
挿入する
the way things are (or should be)
有様
[ありさま]
picture frame (with a stand, for personal photos)
写真立て
[しゃしんたて]
scheme, (hidden) plan or intention
目論見
[もくろみ]
vanishing
to vanish / to be extinguished / to disappear or die out
消滅
[しょうめつ]
消滅する
refrigeration
to refrigerate something
冷蔵
[れいぞう]
冷蔵する
one-to-one, one-on-one
一対一
[いったいいち]
telephone book
電話帳
[でんわちょう]
tact, skill, efficient performance
tactfully…. skillfully…. with efficiency….
手際
[てぎわ]
手際よく
assassination
to assassinate someone
暗殺
[あんさつ]
暗殺する
necklace (trad. use) / choker
首飾り
[くびかざり]
public speaking
to give a public speech / to debate (esp. in a contest)
弁論
[べんろん]
弁論する
provider, internet service provider (loan word)
プロバイダー
death (alt. use)
to die / to pass away
死去
[しきょ]
死去する
(in) a lull, stagnant, slumping
不振
[ふしん]
monitoring / monitor (esp. a person who comments on products, tv programs, etc.) / a computer monitor
to monitor (something)
(loan word)
モニター
モニターする
destination (for a train, etc.)
行き先
[いきさき]
[ゆきさき]
bulky— oversized—
oversized garbage, large garbage
粗大
[そだい]
粗大ごみ
firmness, (with) strength and stability
firmly…. (e.g. firmly opposed to something)
強固
[きょうこ]
強固に
distinctly (standing out)
to be distinct (amongst other things) / to be very clear
くっきり
くっきりと
くっきりする
hillside, mountainside
山腹
[さんぷく]
transport, carrying
to transport or carry (esp. cargo)
freighter, cargo ship
運搬
[うんぱん]
運搬する
運搬船
[うんぱんせん]
vestiges, traces (of something formally there)
面影
[おもかげ]
meter (as in ‘gas meter’, not the measurement)
loan word
メーター
deep affection
dear,… beloved,… (e.g. when beginning a letter)
親愛
[しんあい]
親愛なる
on it’s own…. by itself…. naturally….
as a matter of course…. as is only natural….
自ずと
[おのずと]
自ずから
[おのずから]
each nation, many countries
各国
[かっこく]
committee, commission
委員会
[いいんかい]
chagrin, regret
無念
[むねん]
unspecified (lacking details)
不詳
[ふしょう]
pace (loan word)
ペース
zeal, enthusiasm
熱意
[ねつい]
old-fashioned, old style
旧式
[きゅうしき]
one room
一室
[いっしつ]
a journey, a certain distance traveled
道のり
[みちのり]
recognition and remembrance, recollection
見覚え
[みおぼえ]
situation (loan word)
シチュエーション
prescription
to prescribe (medicine)
prescription drug
処方
[しょほう]
処方する
処方薬
railing, handrail, banister
手すり
[てすり]
sampling, tasting
to sample / to taste (esp. flavor or something recently cooked)
味見
[あじみ]
味見する
味を見る
freeze / freeze!
to freeze (a computer screen, a person, food, etc.)
(loan word)
フリーズ
フリーズする
amazake (sweetened low-alcohol sake drink)
甘酒
[あまざけ]
newspaper publisher
新聞社
[しんぶんしゃ]
wicked woman
悪女
[あくじょ]
postponement
to postpone something
先送り
[さきおくり]
先送りする
gargling
to gargle / to rinse one’s mouth
うがい
うがいする
a step, a stride / counter for steps
to step forward
歩
[ほ]
歩を進める
[ほをすすめる]
a reserved seat (on a train, etc.)
a non-reserved seat
指定席
[していせき]
自由席
[じゆうせき]
restarting, rebooting
to restart / to reboot (esp. a computer or other technology)
再起動
[さいきどう]
再起動する
fad, boom (loan word)
ブーム
buying and selling
to buy and sell / to trade (esp. goods)
売り買い
[うりかい]
売り買いする
deterioration
to deteriorate / to drop in quality (esp. over time) / to become worn out (e.g. windshield wipers)
劣化
[れっか]
劣化する
handling charge, processing fee
手数料
[てすうりょう]
a hairstyle, hairdo
髪型
[かみがた]
the price of land
地価
[ちか]
adaptation
to adapt (a story or text into another form like a movie, etc.)
翻案
[ほんあん]
翻案する
a garden (esp. large or as a park)
庭園
[ていえん]
unchanging, unchangeable
eternal, everlasting, permanent
不変
[ふへん]
一定不変
[いっていふへん]
repeatedly, happening non-stop
the clanging noise of a bell
(onomatopoeic)
じゃんじゃん
goodness, excellence and virtue
善良
[ぜんりょう]
pointer (on a pc)
cursor
mouse cursor
(loan word)
ポインター
カーソル
マウスカーソル
going in to ruin
to go in to ruin (e.g. an artist, a business) / to lead to destruction
破滅
[はめつ]
破滅する
urgent business
急用
[きゅうよう]
making a recovery
to make a recovery (esp. in a medical sense) / to be cured / to heal
a natural recovery, a spontaneous recovery, self-healing
治癒
[ちゆ]
治癒する
自然治癒
[しぜんちゆ]
garments / gown, robe
衣
[ころも]
train fare
電車賃
[でんしゃちん]
valve (e.g. heart valve)
petal
eloquence of speech, talk
(kanji use)
弁
[べん]
superiority, predominance
優位
[ゆうい]
make / —made (e.g. aluminum-made)
—製
[—せい]
speeding (in a car), exceeding the speed limit
スピード違反
[スピードいはん]
a lineage of— system of— group of— family of— (e.g. music coming from a specific country)
—系
[—けい]
heartfelt, tender
meager, modest (e.g. a small acknowledgment from a teacher)
細やか
[こまやか]
細やか
> [ささやか]
a good reputation (esp. as an artist), a certain prestige or renown
名声
[めいせい]
device, equipment, machinery, apparatus
—device —equipment
medical device, medical equipment
機器
[きき]
—機器
医療機器
[いりょうきき]
shield
盾
[たて]
lamp, lantern, torch (esp. outdoors)
灯火
[とうか]
The Sea of Japan
日本海
[にほんかい]
parking violation
駐車違反
[ちゅうしゃいはん]
refreshing (feeling, morning air, etc.), brisk, fresh
清々しい
[すがすがしい]
figure, physique, body + build
体型
[たいけい]
Sweden (loan word)
スウェーデン
screening, inspection and examination
to screen (e.g. a new client, applicant, etc.) / to inspect or examine (before approval, etc.)
審査
[しんさ]
審査する
orderly, well-organized, systematic
整然
[せいぜん]
non-profit
non-profit organization
非営利
[ひえいり]
非営利団体
[ひえいりだんたい]
verbal fight, dispute
to quarrel / to fight verbally
口喧嘩
[くちげんか]
口喧嘩する
furiously angry, in a rage / intense heat (onomatopoeic)
かんかん
courtyard
中庭
[なかにわ]
sexual activity, intercourse
性行為
[せいこうい]
linkage, chain (of connection)
to be linked / to be connected / to continue in an ongoing chain (of events, thoughts, etc.)
a chain reaction
連鎖
[れんさ]
連鎖する
連鎖反応
[れんさはんのう]
(one’s) early life, upbringing, personal history / (one’s) growth or development
生い立ち
[おいたち]
a substance, an entity
実体
[じったい]
wandering
to wander (e.g. wander around the southwestern desert)
a wanderer
放浪
[ほうろう]
放浪する
放浪者
[ほうろうしゃ]
bookmark
しおり
incomplete(ness)
incomplete, partly-done / half-hearted, half-baked
半端
[はんぱ]
中途半端
[ちゅうとはんぱ]
receding, drawing back / backspace (on a keyboard)
to recede (esp. a hairline) / to draw back / to retreat
後退
[こうたい]
後退する
abatement, alleviation
to abate / to alleviate (pain, bad feelings, etc.) / to reduce (e.g. the risk of infection)
軽減
[けいげん]
軽減する
ignition
to ignite
点火
[てんか]
点火する
acute / keen, poignant
痛切
[つうせつ]
an answer as a response
to give an answer (as a response to a question, etc.)
返答
[へんとう]
返答する
prototype
原型
[げんけい]
at the height of…. in the midst of…. (usu. an extreme occurrence)
さなか
さなかに
justification
to give justification or rationalization (often by way of an excuse)
弁解
[べんかい]
弁解する
clear weather (little or no clouds)
“a bolt out of the blue”, happening out of nowhere
晴天
[せいてん]
晴天の霹靂
[せいてんのへきれき]
timbre
音色
[ねいろ]
operations, activities, actions, workings
営み
[いとなみ]
excess, immoderation / excessive
過度
[かど]
being fed up
to be fed up with / to be stumped / to be disconcerted / to wince or shrink back
辟易
[へきえき]
辟易する
we (usu. male, informal language)
僕ら
[ぼくら]
migratory bird
渡り鳥
[わたりどり]
strong feelings, deep emotions
moving, deeply emotive
感慨
[かんがい]
感慨深い
[かんがいぶかい]
around about— in the area of— (e.g. in the area of 35 years old, around the station)
hereabouts, around there
そこら
そこら辺
[そこらへん]
many, numerous, lots (alt.)
幾多
[いくた]
patriotism (love of one’s country)
愛国
[あいこく]
愛国心
[あいこくしん]
kite
kite (loan word)
たこ
カイト
chic
sick / thick
(loan word)
シック
erecting, constructing, forming, building
to erect / to construct / to form (a relationship, a new structure, etc.)
構築
[こうちく]
構築する
just a short time ago…. a little while back….
ついさっき….
drinking alcohol
to drink alcoholic beverages
drunken driving
飲酒
[いんしゅ]
飲酒する
飲酒運転
[いんしゅうんてん]
living (area), dwelling (often as suffix)
住
[じゅう]
a release, an emission
to release / to emit / to let out / to vent / to discharge
放出
[ほうしゅつ]
放出する
PR (public relations)
to publicize / to do PR
public relations department
広報
[こうほう]
広報する
広報部
[こうほうぶ]
an invitation, a beckoning
beckoning cat (a figure of a cat with one paw raised, usu. porcelain)
招き
[まねき]
招き猫
[まねきねこ]
should it happen that way…. by some chance….
ひょっとして….
mountain road, mountain path, mountain trail
山道
[さんどう]
ceremonial hall (for a wedding, funeral, etc.)
式場
[しきじょう]
membrane, film
mucous membrane
膜
[まく]
粘膜
[ねんまく]
the height of prosperity
golden age
全盛
[ぜんせい]
全盛時代
[ぜんせいじだい]
coins, small change
小銭
[こぜに]
sense of taste (one’s palate)
味覚
[みかく]
sense of smell
嗅覚
[きゅうかく]
elegance and grace, (inherent) dignity / an aroma
気品
[きひん]
screening
to screen (candidates for a new job, etc.) / to select
screening process, selection process
選考
[せんこう]
選考する
選考方法
[せんこうほうほう]
miscellaneous goods, sundries
雑貨
[ざっか]
each— every— all—
kanji use
各—
[かく—]
spice(s)
香辛料
[こうしんりょう]
restoration, recovery
to restore (normal internet service, etc.) / to recover (lost data, etc.)
復旧
[ふっきゅう]
復旧する
military power
武力
[ぶりょく]
a ring-shape, ring-forming
a belt line, a loop (e.g. the yamanote line or the D.C. beltway)
環状
[かんじょう]
環状線
[かんじょうせん]
dry (esp. meaning a cold personality or dry sense of humor)
loan word
ドライ
key ring, key holder, key chain (loan word)
キーホルダー
supplying, delivery (of goods)
to supply / to deliver goods / to make a payment (of taxes, fees, etc.)
a supply company
納入
[のうにゅう]
納入する
納入会社
[のうにゅうがいしゃ]
precisely….
きっかり….
awfully…. frightfully…. unduly… (e.g. unduly kind)
やけに….
marriage proposal (often arranged)
縁談
[えんだん]
for quite some time…. for quiet a while….
兼ねて
> [かねて]
兼ねてより
> [かねてより]
one’s pride (often neg. implying stubbornness) / one’s disposition
意地
[いじ]
high-ranking shrine (often used as a suffix)
神宮
[じんぐう]
—神宮
thorn, splinter / biting or harsh words
とげ
capture and seizure
to capture / to seize / to take into captivity (esp. used for wild animals)
捕獲
[ほかく]
捕獲する
because of these circumstances…. due to the fact that….
if it is the case that….
(secondary use)
N + とあって
V (る) とあって
〜とあれば
offering an explanation about the contents of something (usu. referring to the approximate amt. of something or particular circumstances)
〜というところだ
〜といったところだ
fleeting, transient, short-lived (e.g. one’s life on earth)
はかない
germ, bacteria, fungus (kanji use)
菌
[きん]
support of dependents
to support one’s family members (spouse, children, etc.), esp. in relation to taxes
tax exemption for dependents
扶養
[ふよう]
扶養する
扶養控除
[ふようこうじょ]
itemization (of expenses, etc.)
内訳
[うちわけ]
chemical element
the periodic table of elements
元素
[げんそ]
元素周期表
[げんそしゅうきひょう]
elasticity
elastic
弾力
[だんりょく]
弾力的
deviation value (used to rank schools in Japan with scores from 1-100
偏差値
[へんさち]
wetness, dampness, lubrication
profiting, richness / financial leeway
潤い
[うるおい]
profits, returns (alt. use)
利潤
[りじゅん]
gradually. … here and there…..
soon. … (esp. when one is about to leave)
spots, pimples
(onomatopoeic)
ぼつぼつ
*** can be used as an alt. to そろそろ
an estimation, an evaluation, a quote (e.g. made by a contractor)
見積もり
[みつもり]
in the midst of these circumstances…. (usu. when there is some kind of difficulty)
N + にあって
rubbish, a poor work (book, art, etc.)
駄作
[ださく]
prompt, speedy
速やか
[すみやか]
a bad harvest
凶作
[きょうさく]
to be worthy of…. to be enough….
to not be worth…. to not be enough….
V (る) に足る
V (る) に足りない
V (る) に足りる
by force….
if I’m forced to say…. if I have to choose
強いて
[しいて]
強いて言えば….
uniquely applying to…. special to…. native to….
adding emphasis
N + ならでは
N + ならではの
mourning (kanji use)
mourning period, in morning
mourning dress, mourning clothes
喪
[も]
喪中
[もちゅう]
喪服
[もふく]
I cannot let things end without doing something….
I have to do…. and cannot move forward unless I do so
—ないで済まない
> [—ないですまない]
—ずには済まない
> [—ずにはすまない]
something naturally has to happen…. (expressing a strong force or will)
V (neg) + ずにはおかない
V (neg) + ないでおかない
in keeping with…. to agree with…. to be based on….
….に即して
[….にそくして]
….に即した….
*** alt: ….に則して
outline, summary (alt. use, esp. when referring to the “big picture”)
大筋
[おおすじ]
large, big (when referring to build, pattern, etc.)
大柄
[おおがら]
even if (….extreme example….) isn’t done, you should at least….
—ないまでも
dark brown, olive brown
焦げ茶
[こげちゃ]
(speak) frankly…. directly…. unreservedly…. / once and for all….
ずばり….
surely…. evidently…. no doubt…. (alt. use)
正しく….
> [まさしく….]
cluster, swarm, crowd, close formation
to become dense or crowded (e.g. vines in a forest, an area with new houses) / to cluster around / to swarm
密集
[みっしゅう]
密集する
overcrowding
過密
[かみつ]
once…. at one time…. some time ago….
一頃
[ひところ]
*** synonym: 一時
the other day…. (alt. formal use)
先頃
[さきごろ]
*** formal version of この間
promotion and encouragement
to promote (new ideas, policies, etc.) in order to stimulate (the economy) or encourage (citizen interest)
振興
[しんこう]
振興する
sod, turf, lawn (kanji use)
芝
[しば]
making a fuss over
to dote on / to spoil / to pamper (e.g. an only child)
ちやほや
ちやほやと
ちやほやする
so as not to…. in order to avoid doing….
V (る) + ことのないよう(に)
some signs (of), an omen (e.g. some signs of economic recovery)
兆し
[きざし]
fertilizer, manure
肥料
[ひりょう]
yokozuna (the highest rank in sumo or grand champion)
best in its field, the cream of the crop (used metaphorically)
横綱
[よこづな]
express that due to something / someone’s behavior their are negative or troubling circumstances
(often translated as “in the end….” or “as a result….”)
V (る) + 始末だ
soil
breeding ground, fertile ground for…. (the development of)
土壌
[どじょう]
uniformity, impartiality, homogeneity
uniformly…. evenly….
一様
[いちよう]
一様に
at the time…. at this time….
formal use, often for notices about shop closings, etc.
N + をもちまして
N + をもって
an embankment (along a body of water) / a levee or dike
to block off with an embankment
堤防
[ていぼう]
堤防する
flower pot, plant pot
植木鉢
[うえきばち]
in contrast to…. (alt., formal use)
N + にひきかえ
incentive
to add incentive / to encourage / to induce / to promote
奨励
[しょうれい]
奨励する
governance
to govern / to rule / to reign
統治
[とうち]
統治する
prosperity
to prosper / to thrive / to flourish
繁盛
[はんじょう]
繁盛する
in defiance of…. while ignoring risks or problems….
N + をものともせずに
the norm, the standard, the model for
規範
[きはん]
right or wrong
good or bad
良し悪し
[よしあし]
善し悪し
[よしあし]
presence or absence, whether there are any….or not
有る無し
> [あるなし]
….のあるなし
*** synonym = 有無
to the utmost…. to the extreme…. (a very high degree of emphasis)
N + の至り….
[N + のいたり….]
N + の極み….
[N + のきわみ….]
the loss of something
to lose something (e.g. an important document) / to be lost or missing
紛失
[ふんしつ]
紛失する
*** synonym: なくす
a corrective action, a revision
to correct (a faulty policy, etc.) / to revise / to rectify (the current situation, etc.)
是正
[ぜせい]
是正する
imitation
to imitate, to copy (one’s style, etc.)
模倣
[もほう]
模倣する
food cooked by boiling or stewing
煮物
[にもの]
deep-fried food(s)
揚げ物
[あげもの]
notification, announcement (alt.)
to notify, to inform (someone that they do not have cancer, etc.)
告知
[こくち]
告知する
passing along verbal messages in a slightly formal way (in a business setting, etc.)
〜とのことだ
〜との N
indicates the repetitive or continuous nature of different actions
V1 + ては + V2
V1 + では + V2
an act of aggression
to commit an act of aggression / to invade (another country)
侵略
[しんりゃく]
侵略する
one’s will (last will and testament)
遺言
[ゆいごん]
alt: [いごん]
to be thought as…. to be regarded as…. to be expected to….
〜とみられる
inexperienced, immature, green (in business)
未熟
[みじゅく]
hollow (voice), vacant (stare), blank (expression), empty (heart) / cavity, hollow, void
空ろ
> [うつろ]
a good place to stop, a good place to leave off
切りがいい
> [きりがいい]
endless, no end to something (idiomatic)
切りがない
> [きりがない]
hard struggle, strenuous effort
to make a hard struggle (e.g. struggling against poverty) / to (have to) put in a strenuous effort
奮闘
[ふんとう]
奮闘する
financing
to give financing / to provide a loan (various financial uses)
融資
[ゆうし]
融資する
not limited to….
not only…. but also….
(alt., less common use)
V (る) + にとどまらず….
N + にとどまらず….
repression
to repress / to suppress / to stifle
抑圧
[よくあつ]
抑圧する
accumulation, amassing
to accumulate / to hoard / to amass / to store up
蓄積
[ちくせき]
蓄積する
fingerprint
指紋
[しもん]
reclamation or cultivation (of land) / pioneering, path-finding
to reclaim (land) / to cultivate / to open up (a new market) / to pioneer / to path-find / to trail-blaze
pioneer, settler, colonist
開拓
[かいたく]
開拓する
開拓者
[かいたくしゃ]
second (party to an agreement), the B party (e.g. in a contract); the latter; defendant / stylish, chic, spicy, witty, tasty, romantic / strange, quaint
second in rank, second sign of the Chinese calendar
乙
[おつ]
乙
[きのと]
moving to a different location to start a new job
to proceed to a new location for a new job / to take up a new post or appointment
赴任
[ふにん]
赴任する
center (central location), hub, mainstay, nucleus, pillar, central figure
中枢
[ちゅうすう]
browsing
to browse (the internet) / to read (printed matter) / to inspect
閲覧
[えつらん]
閲覧する
ship (alt.), vessel, ocean liner
the shipping industry
船舶
[せんぱく]
船舶業
[せんぱくぎょう]
overflow / inundation
to overflow or flood (when water levels increase too much) / to be inundated or oversupplied (when too many bad things appear)
氾濫
[はんらん]
氾濫する
