VOCAB—advanced 4 Flashcards
one trillion
一兆
[いっちょう]
counter for positions or ranks (e.g. first rank, second rank, etc.)
—位
[—い]
bottling, bottled
to bottle (wine, etc.)
瓶詰
[びんづめ]
瓶詰する
yes
Jesus (from latin)
(loan word)
イエス
the number of flat things
枚数
[まいすう]
drop of water
水滴
[すいてき]
orchestra (loan word)
オーケストラ
a loss (of assets, profits, culture, etc.)
損失
[そんしつ]
slightly, a little, partially / oh! oh my!
やや
persecution
to persecute (for one’s beliefs, etc.)
迫害
[はくがい]
迫害する
counter for tatami mats
—畳
[—じょう]
soft, tender, limp, pliable (alt. kanji)
軟らかい
[やわらかい]
common term / common language
共通語
[きょうつうご]
fine powder
粉末
[ふんまつ]
driver’s seat (in a car)
passenger seat (in a car)
運転席
[うんてんせき]
助手席
[じょしゅせき]
washi (special Japanese-style paper used to create origami, etc.)
和紙
[わし]
presentation (of a gift, etc.)
to present something (esp. as a gift) / to offer up something
進呈
[しんてい]
進呈する
贈呈
[ぞうてい]
贈呈する
going under water
to go underwater / to dive (scuba diving, etc.)
submarine
潜水
[せんすい]
潜水する
潜水艦
[せんすいかん]
a master’s degree / graduate from grad school
修士
[しゅうし]
a willful ambition
to have a willful ambition (to accomplish something, etc.)
志望
[しぼう]
志望する
bread crumbs
パン粉
[パンこ]
ring, hoop
circle, rim, outer edges (of the world)
(kanji use)
輪
[わ]
環
[わ]
key (loan word)
キー
in its own way…. as appropriate…. as it suits the occasion…. / within its capacity…. within limitations….
それなり
それなりに
(Japanese) roof tile
瓦
[かわら]
really good quality, superior quality
良質
[りょうしつ]
even…. if only…. if just…. as long as…. / the only thing needed
(particle suffix—alt. to さえ)
すら
concession and compromise
to concede / to give way / to compromise (on an issue, etc.)
譲歩
[じょうほ]
譲歩する
homepage, webpage (loan word)
ホームページ
a drinking party, a get together at a bar
飲み会
[のみかい]
hood of a car / bonnet (loan word)
ボンネット
volleyball (loan word)
バレーボール
windshield of a car (loan word)
フロントガラス
the summit of a mountain
山頂
[さんちょう]
the other party, the person ahead or in front (e.g. pass along info to the necessary person)
先方
[せんぽう]
achievements, merits / a meritorious service or deed
功績
[こうせき]
hero (loan word)
ヒーロー
bowl, basin, (flower) pot (kanji use)
鉢
[はち]
half the (total) amount
a half-priced sale
半額
[はんがく]
半額セール
large river, rivers (usu. referring to many rivers at once)
河川
[かせん]
wild thoughts and ideas
to have wild thoughts / to have wild ideas / to have delusions (of grandeur)
paranoia
妄想
[もうそう]
妄想する
妄想症
[もうそうしょう]
restoration to an original state
to restore something to its original state / to reconstruct (as it was originally)
復元
[ふくげん]
復元する
birth-control
to use contraception / to practice (or take) birth control
避妊
[ひにん]
避妊する
supply and demand
需給
[じゅきゅう]
decay, decomposition / corruption
to decay / to decompose (e.g. a dead body) / to be corrupt (e.g. political corruption)
腐敗
[ふはい]
腐敗する
a literary style
作風
[さくふう]
source and origin (kanji use)
源
[みなもと]
change of residence and address (for mailing, etc.)
to change one’s residence
one’s new address
転居
[てんきょ]
転居する
転居先
[てんきょさき]
man of substance or virtue / a giant
大人
[たいじん]
*** alt. reading = “adult”
evaporation
to evaporate / to vaporize
蒸発
[じょうはつ]
蒸発する
pottery, porcelain (earthenware objects)
ceramics
陶芸
[とうげい]
陶器
[とうき]
bureaucrat
bureaucracy
官僚
[かんりょう]
官僚主義
[かんりょうしゅぎ]
swelling, expansion
to swell / to inflate / to expand (e.g. the universe)
膨張
[ぼうちょう]
膨張する
lane of traffic (esp. on a highway)
the slow lane
the fast lane
車線
[しゃせん]
走行車線
[そうこうしゃせん]
高速車線
[こうそくしゃせん]
dam / dumb (loan word)
ダム
hard on the ears, jarring or rough sounds (e.g. loud music from cars)
耳障り
[みみざわり]
minerals
鉱物
[こうぶつ]
boy (alt. usage)
son of others, young master (honorific) / ‘Botchan’ by Sōseki
坊や
[ぼうや]
坊ちゃん
[ぼっちゃん]
お坊ちゃん
training and development
to train / to develop skills (esp. vocationally, or pertaining to a specific job)
養成
[ようせい]
養成する
layer, bed, stratum (geological formation)
地層
[ちそう]
salaried…. with pay….
without pay…. unsalaried….
paid leave, paid vacation
有給
[ゆうきゅう]
有給休暇
[ゆうきゅうきゅうか]
無給
[むきゅう]
energy conservation, energy saving
省エネ
[しょうエネ]
省エネルギー
eyeball (specifically the pupil)
eye (alt., scientific use)
眼
[まなこ]
眼
[め]
solicitation, canvassing
to solicit / to canvass (e.g. phone-banking)
勧誘
[かんゆう]
勧誘する
light, headlight (of a car) / right (loan word)
ライト
another day, a later day / sometime in the future…
後日
[ごじつ]
on the road
路上
[ろじょう]
foreign travel (vacation abroad)
domestic travel
海外旅行
[かいがいりょこう]
国内旅行
[こくないりょこう]
fleeing
to flee / to desert / to runaway / to escape (from someone)
逃走
[とうそう]
逃走する
nearness / soon…. before long….
近々
[ちかぢか]
ravine, chasm, valley / (woman’s) cleavage
谷間
[たにま]
pasting, affixing, sticking
“paste” (button on a pc, phone, etc.)
貼り付け
[はりつる]
Europe (formal usage)
欧州
[おうしゅう]
the core, the crux, the heart of the matter
核心
[かくしん]
garage (loan word)
ガレージ
spoken language, a colloquial expression
話し言葉
[はなしことば]
the actual state, the actual scene / live, on-the-scene (in media coverage)
実況
[じっきょう]
knitting
編み物
[あみもの]
mural, fresco (large painting on a wall)
壁画
[へきが]
drilling, functional practice
to do an exercise / to drill / to preform practice (maneuvers etc.)
演習
[えんしゅう]
演習する
staying up late
to stay up late (at night) / to keep late hours
夜更かし
[よふかし]
夜更かしする
self-evident (obvious)
自明
[じめい]
hard, (frozen) solid, stiff from fright
tick-tock, clinking noise
(onomatopoeic)
かちかち
leaflet, pamphlet
チラシ
point of balance
to be balanced (e.g. a budget) / to be at a point of equilibrium
a lack of balance
均衡
[きんこう]
均衡する
不均衡
ink (loan word)
インク
one hundred million
one billion
ten billion
一億
[いちおく]
十億
[じゅうおく]
百億
[ひゃくおく]
river (alt. kanji)
河
[かわ]
pull yourself together! get a grip! don’t let it get you down!
しっかりしろ！
of sound body and mind, healthy (overall)
健やか
[すこやか]
stickiness, viscosity / tenacity, persistence
粘り
[ねばり]
pursuit
to pursue something (e.g. an artistic goal) / to go after (an ideal, etc.)
追求
[ついきゅう]
追求する
needlework
to do needlework / to sew (as an activity)
裁縫
[さいほう]
裁縫する
a layer (e.g. a layer of mud)
層
[そう]
without an occupation, being unemployed
無職
[むしょく]
terrorism (loan word)
テロ
テロリズム
an exact calculation
to make an exact calculation / to adjust to the correct amount
精算
[せいさん]
精算する
a twinkling (of stars, etc.), a flicker (of light, etc.)
blinking, winking
to blink (one’s eyes) / to wink
瞬き
[またたき]
瞬き
[まばたき]
瞬きする
distress (due to an accident)
to meet with disaster / to go missing or lost (due to an accident, etc.)
遭難
[そうなん]
遭難する
the main point, purpose, or goal (of a statement, etc.)
趣旨
[しゅし]
chronicity (a medical or condition or neg. situation of extended duration)
chronic
chronic illness
慢性
[まんせい]
慢性的
慢性病
[まんせいびょう]
every station
a train that stops at every station (a local train)
各駅
[かくえき]
各駅停車
[かくえきていしゃ]
mass-killing
to massacre / to commit a mass-killing / to commit genocide
虐殺
[ぎゃくさつ]
虐殺する
acknowledgement and acceptance
to acknowledge and accept / to understand a matter (e.g. inconvenience from construction)
了承
[りょうしょう]
了承する
bearing comparison with
to be on par with / to bear comparison with / to match / to rival / to equal
匹敵
[ひってき]
匹敵する
pure understanding, moment of enlightenment (satori)
悟り
[さとり]
urine
尿
[にょう]
gun (alt. use) / fugu fish (slang)
鉄砲
[てっぽう]
sopping wet (onomatopoeic)
びしょびしょ
junk mail, spam
迷惑メール
[めいわくメール]
discipline (from a parent, etc.), the teaching of manners
しつけ
idiom
a four character idiomatic compound
熟語
[じゅくご]
四字熟語
[よじじゅくご]
tangled, complicated, intricate (gen. less formal use)
ややこしい
prostitute
a high-class prostitute
娼婦
[しょうふ]
高級娼婦
[こうきゅうしょうふ]
room for bathing (usu. separate from a bathroom)
浴室
[よくしつ]
gist, general meaning, tenor (kanji use)
趣
[おもむき]
steps (taken) / treatment
to take (necessary) steps or measures / to treat (medically) / to dispose of
処置
[しょち]
処置する
just (now) / quite (near)
inadvertently or by mistake
つい
cover, covering
to cover (for) / to cover (up)
(loan word)
カバー
カバーする
oppression
to oppress (a group of people, etc.)
圧迫
[あっぱく]
圧迫する
gulf coast, bay coast
湾岸
[わんがん]
lead (e.g. in a pencil)
鉛
[なまり]
(electronic) calculator
電卓
[でんたく]
jogging
to go jogging
(loan word)
ジョギング
ジョギングする
naughty, mischievous
a naughty child, a mischievous kid
a rascal
やんちゃ
やんちゃな子供
やんちゃ坊主
[やんちゃぼうず]
absolute zero / no points earned (on a test)
零点
[れいてん]
cross-examination
to cross-examine / to interrogate / to question
尋問
[じんもん]
尋問する
squirrel
リス
a relation, some kind of connection
関わり
[かかわり]
reproduction or recreation / reappearance
to reproduce / to recreate (e.g. an image in a painting) / to reappear (for a second time)
再現
[さいげん]
再現する
pulse (as measured through the veins)
脈
[みゃく]
copper coin
銅貨
[どうか]
stock prices
株価
[かぶか]
geta (traditional Japanese wooden clogs)
下駄
[げた]
helicopter (loan word)
ヘリコプター
coal mine
coal pit
炭鉱
[たんこう]
炭坑
[たんこう]
multi-use
to be multi-use / to serve more than one purpose
兼用
[けんよう]
兼用する
a piece (in chess, shogi, etc.)
駒
[こま]
orphan
orphanage
孤児
[こじ]
孤児院
[こじいん]
monorail (loan word)
モノレール
noisily…. loudly….
to be noisy / to be loud / to be abuzz (with the sound of people talking)
(onomatopoeic)
がやがや
がやがやする
making, creating, producing / make-up, appearance (of something)
(physical) make-up, structure, construction (of something)
作り
[つくり]
造り
[つくり]
jungle (loan word)
ジャングル
nectar, syrup, molasses, honey, dew (kanji use)
蜜
[みつ]
mine (place from which minerals are extracted)
鉱山
[こうざん]
flower bed
花壇
[かだん]
essay (alt. use) / miscellaneous writings, literary writings
随筆
[ずいひつ]
punishment (alt. use)
to punish (someone)
処罰
[しょばつ]
処罰する
getting out of bed
to get out of bed / to rise from bed (in the morning)
起床
[きしょう]
起床する
illusions, fantastic visions
illusory, fairy-tale like, wondrous
幻想
[げんそう]
幻想的
loss and gain, advantage and disadvantage
損得
[そんとく]
by and large…. on the whole…. in general….
概ね
> [おおむね]
many problems, various problems
諸問題
[しょもんだい]
a small snack (usually to have with a drink at a bar, etc.)
つまみ
おつまみ
opening of an envelope
to open an envelope / to break a seal
開封
[かいふう]
開封する
menu of daily food offerings / a program or schedule of events
献立
[こんだて]
laughable, comical and ridiculous
滑稽
[こっけい]
a step, one step / small degree
the first step
the very first step
step by step
一歩
[いっぽ]
最初の一歩
第一歩
一歩一歩
toast (loan word)
トースト
a course of events, a progression of events
成り行き
[なりゆき]
enrollment
to be enrolled / to be registered (in a school, etc.)
在籍
[ざいせき]
在籍する
how many people
how many people are there (e.g. at a restaurant)
何名
[なんめい]
何名様ですか？
(one’s) will, an intention, a motive (kanji use)
志
[こころざし]
Japanese traditional flat-thonged sandals
草履
[ぞうり]
code (esp. in computing and mathematics) / signs, markings
符号
[ふごう]
pure— undiluted— (e.g. pure kindness) / raw— crude—
生—
[き—]
Japanese traditional socks (with a split toe)
足袋
> [たび]
a full length piece of writing (novel, poem, film, etc.)
a full length novel
長編
[ちょうへん]
長編小説
[ちょうへんしょうせつ]
gang, gangster (loan word)
ギャング
the arrival of, the coming of
to arrive (when something is awaited) / to come when (expected)
到来
[とうらい]
到来する
proof, evidence
testimony
(kanji use)
証
[しょう]
証
[あかし]
end of war, cessation of hostilities
終戦
[しゅうせん]
garden (esp. man-made), orchard, plantation
園
[その]
within reach, handy, familiar
手近
[てじか]
omnipresence
to be universal / to be omnipresent / to be ubiquitous (e.g. universal significance)
omnipresent
普遍
[ふへん]
普遍する
普遍的
lava
溶岩
[ようがん]
the end, the extremity, the limits
without end, boundless
eternally… interminably…
果て
[はて]
果てしない
果てしなく
paper money, banknote (more formal use)
紙幣
[しへい]
hatred
to have hatred for
hate crime
憎悪
[ぞうお]
憎悪する
憎悪犯罪
[ぞうおはんざい]
pure (of heart), clear (thinking), noble
清い
[きよい]
sacred place, sanctuary (usually a shrine or a temple)
神殿
[しんでん]
lightly fluttering, floating, flickering light (onomatopoeic)
ひらひら
self-respect, self-esteem
自尊心
[じそんしん]
statue of the buddha, image of the buddha
仏像
[ぶつぞう]
excavation
to excavate (in archeology)
発掘
[はっくつ]
発掘する
beat, (musical) time, tempo, meter
an instance, a chance occurence
拍子
[ひょうし]
counter for boats or ships
—隻
[せき]
meticulous, painstaking, elaborate and detailed
克明
[こくめい]
Tokyo Bay
東京湾
[とうきょうわん]
woman (loan word)
ウーマン
captain (loan word)
キャプテン
seashell
貝殻
[かいがら]
degeneration
to degenerate / to waste away / to fall into decay (e.g. historical civilizations)
衰退
[すいたい]
衰退する
all together, in one batch
to put everything together / to be in one batch / to be in one lump
lump-sum payment
一括
[いっかつ]
一括する
一括払い
[いっかつはらい]
germs, bacterium (scientific use)
細菌
[さいきん]
hostility, animosity
to be hostile towards / to feel animosity towards
敵対
[てきたい]
敵対する
an allowance, (given) pay
to be given an allowance / to be given a grant / to be given wages or salary
給与
[きゅうよ]
給与する
clothing, costume, adornment, dress (alt. use, esp. for traditional clothing)
衣装
[いしょう]
衣裳
genitals
性器
[せいき]
magnetism
磁気
[じき]
suffix for castle names
—城
[—じょう]
nominal, (in) name, (in) title / under the pretext of….
名目
[めいもく]
an illustrated reference book (e.g. field guide), picture book, picture dictionary
図鑑
[ずかん]
mining
to mine (for coal, etc.)
miner
採掘
[さいくつ]
採掘する
採掘師
[さいくつし]
kanji radical
部首
[ぶしゅ]
the framework (e.g. of a project)
枠組み
[わくぐみ]
brand new product, line of products
brand new article, item
新製品
[しんせいひん]
新品
[しんぴん]
weather map, weather chart
天気図
[てんきず]
the public gaze, public notice (e.g. noticing a beautiful woman)
to attract attention
to avoid attention
人目
[ひとめ]
人目につく
人目を気にする
earthworm
ミミズ
advance ticket
前売り券
[まえうりけん]
neighbor (alt. use)
隣人
[りんじん]
legal person, judicial person / corporation (formed with legal personnel)
法人
[ほうじん]
hyperbole
to exaggerate / to engage in hyperbole
誇張
[こちょう]
誇張する
announcement
to make an announcement
(loan word)
アナウンス
アナウンスする
アナウンスメント
font (loan word)
フォント
inherent, innate
inborn, congenital, hereditary
a hereditary disease
先天
[せんてん]
先天的
先天病
[せんてんびょう]
lower back pain
腰痛
[ようつう]
tank (esp. of liquid) / gas tank / military tank
loan word
タンク
social life
sociable
sociability
社交
[しゃこう]
社交的
社交性
no small number of…. not a little….
少なからず
[すくなからず]
少なからぬ
[すくなからぬ]
shop that sells western-style goods (especially clothes and accessories)
洋品店
[ようひんてん]
cutting, clipping, (totally) removing, taking off
“cut” (button on a pc, phone, etc.)
切り取り
[きりとり]
revision of text
to revise text / to make alterations to (a dictionary, a timetable, etc.)
revised edition
改訂
[かいてい]
改訂する
改訂版
[かいていばん]
obscure, indistinct, vague
漠然
[ばくぜん]
exhausted, worn out (onomatopoeic)
くたくた
tokonoma (traditional Japanese room – an alcove where art or flowers are displayed)
床の間
[とこのま]
consumer electronics, home (electronic) appliances
家電
[かでん]
家電製品
[かでんせいひん]
diagram (loan word)
ダイアグラム
ダイヤグラム
curve
to curve
(loan word)
カーブ
カーブする
foreplay
前戯
[ぜんぎ]
a vote, a ballot
counter for votes
票
[ひょう]
—票
[ひょう] or [びょう] or [ぴょう]
windshield wipers (loan word)
ワイパー
a (verbal) dispute
to have a dispute (e.g. between a husband and wife)
口論
[こうろん]
口論する
World War II
第二次大戦
[だいにじたいせん]
第二次世界大戦
[だいにじせかいたいせん]
an outline, an introduction, general remarks
概論
[がいろん]
arable land, farmable land
耕地
[こうち]
simple (thinking), naivety, artlessness
素朴
[そぼく]
mask(ing), disguising
to mask / to wear a mask / to disguise (one’s identity) / to go incognito
覆面
[ふくめん]
覆面する
porcelain, china, earthenware
瀬戸物
[せともの]
left-wing (in politics, etc.)
right-wing (in politics, etc.)
左翼
[さよく]
右翼
[うよく]
prevention of crime
security camera
防犯
[ぼうはん]
防犯カメラ
radius
半径
[はんけい]
substitution, place-holding
to use as a substitute for / to use as a placeholder (usu. for objects, not people)
substitute food
代用
[だいよう]
代用する
代用食
[だいようしょく]
ruin, dilapidation
to fall into ruin (e.g. a country after war) / to become dilapidated / to be destroyed
荒廃
[こうはい]
荒廃する
clearly…. distinctly…. vividly…. (imagining something, etc.)
ありあり
purity of heart, naivety
純情
[じゅんじょう]
the ultimate…. the extreme…. the eventual…. (e.g. the ultimate goal)
究極
[きゅうきょく]
collecting and gathering
to collect and gather (insects, plants, etc.)
採集
[さいしゅう]
採集する
knight
騎士
[きし]
accelerator, gas pedal (loan word)
アクセル
grace, blessings, benefits (e.g. benefits from mother nature)
恩恵
[おんけい]
hiccup
to have the hiccups
しゃっくり
しゃっくりする
scribble / grafitti
to scribble / to sketch / to doodle / to scrawl / to do graffiti
sketchbook
落書き
[らくがき]
落書きする
落書き帳
slimy and slippery (onomatopoeic)
ぬるぬる
detached, indifferent to, uninterested
flowing gently
淡々
[たんたん]
an art gallery (esp. when works are for sale)
画廊
[がろう]
going up (increasing) / uploading / close-up
to go up / to rise / to up-load something
(loan word)
アップ
アップする
office (loan word)
オフィス
freshwater
freshwater fish
淡水
[たんすい]
淡水魚
(musical) conductor
指揮者
[しきしゃ]
illusions / delusions
to have illusions / to be “seeing things” / to mistake something for something else
錯覚
[さっかく]
錯覚する
a bachelor’s degree / graduate from a university
学士
[がくし]
exclusive (a specialist in) / an exclusive—
to be exclusive to / to be a specialist in / to be specially attached to
an exclusive contract
an exclusive chef
専属
[せんぞく]
専属する
専属契約
専属料理人
a hit (to the body)
to (land) a blow / to deliver a hit (to the body) / to give a beating (in fighting)
打撲
[だぼく]
打撲する
unexpectedly…. without dreaming it would ever happen….
思い掛けず
[おもいがけず]
circumference (in geometry)
円周
[えんしゅう]
sprain, twisting
to sprain / to twist (an ankle, etc.)
捻挫
[ねんざ]
捻挫する
whistling
to whistle (from the mouth)
口笛
[くちぶえ]
口笛を吹く
[くちぶえをふく]
repetition
to repeat (over and over) / to reiterate
practice by repetition
反復
[はんぷく]
反復する
反復練習
[はんぷくれんしゅう]
being virtual, being hypothetical / virtual—
to be virtual / to be imaginary / to be hypothetical or supposed
virtual (as an adj.)
仮想
[かそう]
仮想する
仮想的
transplantation
to transplant (e.g. organs, an image of a person) / to graft (tissue)
移植
[いしょく]
移植する
hostage
人質
[ひとじち]
vice-president (of a company, etc.)
副社長
[ふくしゃちょう]
the vicinity (in the neighborhood)
the vicinity (in the nearby area)
近隣
[きんりん]
近辺
[きんぺん]
newly joined— newly arrived— newly entered—
a new employee, a new hire
新入
[しんにゅう]
新入社員
[しんにゅうしゃいん]
abduction
to abduct / to kidnap
誘拐
[ゆうかい]
誘拐する
sideview mirror
サイドミラー
the appointed day, the scheduled day
日取り
[ひどり]
tomorrow (very formal)
明日
[みょうにち]
rearview mirror (loan word)
バックミラー
trigger (of a gun)
to pull the trigger
引き金
[ひきがね]
引き金を引く
authority, power, right (kanji use)
the right to do— (as a suffix)
権
[けん]
—権
a mess, spoiled, ruined
to make a mess of things
to get ruined / to be spoiled
台無し
[だいなし]
台無しにする
台無しになる
en route, half-way / on the way to…. bound for….
途上
[とじょう]
keeping in check,
to keep in check / to obstruct / to impede / to prevent / to hinder
阻止
[そし]
阻止する
capital punishment (death sentence)
死刑
[しけい]
med school
医大
[いだい]
civil war
内乱
[ないらん]
looting
to loot, to pillage, to plunder
略奪
[りゃくだつ]
略奪する
occupation, seizure
to occupy (e.g. occupy wall street) / to seize possession of (e.g. a country’s territory)
占領
[せんりょう]
占領する
(both) grandparents
祖父母
[そふぼ]
combined— composite— multidisciplinary— multifunction—
to be combined (of multiple things) / to be complex
multifunction machine
複合
[ふくごう]
複合する
複合機
[ふくごうき]
revenge
to get revenge / to seek retribution / to retaliate
報復
[ほうふく]
報復する
introvert
introverted
内向
[ないこう]
内向的
extrovert
extroverted
外向
[がいこう]
外向的
working hard, actively, or energetically
crunching, munching / tearing, ripping, scratching
(onomatopoeic)
ばりばり
former— previous— prior— old—
先—
[せん—]
nursing, protective care
to provide nursing or care (for the elderly, children, handicapped, etc.)
養護
[ようご]
養護する
lightly…. slightly…. thinly…. faintly….
薄ら
> [うっすら]
うっすらと
hey! yo! (usu. impolite interjection used to get someone’s attention)
おい
a search
to search for (esp. someone or something missing, like a child)
a search party
捜索
[そうさく]
捜索する
捜索隊
[そうさくたい]
voyage (esp. by boat)
to voyage / to navigate / to sail (the open seas)
navigator, voyager
航海
[こうかい]
航海する
航海者
[こうかいしゃ]
landfall / disembarkation
to make landfall (e.g. a typhoon) / to disembark (e.g. troops)
上陸
[じょうりく]
上陸する
eyeball (anatomical use)
眼球
[がんきゅう]
noble, aristocrat
noble class, nobility
貴族
[きぞく]
貴族階級
[きぞくかいきゅう]
double— double-layered— twofold—
二重
[にじゅう]
sloppy, messy, rough, crude
miscellaneous—
(kanji use)
雑
[ざつ]
雑—
[ざつ—]
the above…. the above-mentioned…. (e.g. in the article above)
the following…. the below…. (e.g. in the following text)
上記(の)….
[じょうき(の)….]
下記(の)….
[かき(の)….]
boiling water
熱湯
[ねっとう]
Lake— (in place names)
Lake Biwa (biggest lake in Japan, near Kyoto)
—湖
[—こ]
琵琶湖
[びわこ]
horse riding
to ride a horse
乗馬
[じょうば]
乗馬する
the breasts
milk
乳
[ちち]
supplement
to supplement / to complement / to add (more) to
supplementary information
補足
[ほそく]
補足する
補足情報
[ほそくじょうほう]
constellation / star sign, zodiac sign
星座
[せいざ]
rash / eczema
湿疹
[しっしん]
appointment
loan word
アポ
アポイント
アポイントメント
all-you-can-eat buffet, smorgasbord
viking
(loan word)
バイキング
a non-payment
to not pay / to miss a payment (e.g. with utilities)
滞納
[たいのう]
滞納する
overly-friendly (e.g. an overly friendly salesman)
なれなれしい
glorious
華々しい
[はなばなしい]
an exemption
to be exempt from (e.g. from military service) / an exoneration or discharge
免除
[めんじょ]
免除する
while at the same time also doing….
—かたわら、
—(る) かたわら、
—clique —faction —school
—派
[—は]
confusing, misleading, easily mixed-up
紛らわしい
[まぎらわしい]
once you do…. it’s (all) over
—(た) が最後….
misgivings, doubt and suspicion
疑惑
[ぎわく]
earning a living together (both husband and wife)
working together to earn an income (as a couple)
共稼ぎ
[ともかせぎ]
共働き
[ともはたらき]
methodical, scrupulous
几帳面
[きちょうめん]
suitable, appropriate (somewhat formal) / appropriately….
適宜
[てきぎ]
owing everything to…. existing only due to the presence of….
(N1) あっての (N2)
sugar content (amt. of sugar)
糖分
[とうぶん]
a deduction (from taxes, etc.)
to deduct
the (total) amount deducted
控除
[こうじょ]
控除する
控除額
[こうじょがく]
even…. not even…. (in my wildest dreams)
—(る) だに
—だに
whaling
the whaling controversy
捕鯨
[ほげい]
捕鯨問題
[ほげいもんだい]
not enough (and therefore disappointing), too quick, long, short, etc. (e.g. golden week was too quick this year)
あっけない
あっけなく….
(not) even one…. (not) any….
N + たりとも…. (ない)
a very wealthy person, a millionaire
富豪
[ふごう]
thick. … rich…. (flavor, etc.)
severely. … strongly…. sternly….
こってり
こってりと
こってりする
*** ごってり for emphasis
completely exhausted…. dead tired…. (to the point of being limp or senseless)
ぐったり
ぐったりと
ぐったりする
heartbroken…. crestfallen…. extremely disappointed and dejected….
がっくり
がっくりと
がっくりする
clearly indicate two contrasting actions
V1 (stem) つ + V2 (stem) つ….
like…. as if…. the same as…. (an alternate, less common usage)
—ごとき….
—ごとく….
those who are…. that which is….
usu. used to show what is expected of a person with certain qualifications or standing
N1 + たる + N2
N1 + ともあろう + N2
*** N2 is usu. 者 (もの)
even if one does something…. (there’s really nothing that can be done)
—(た) + ところで….
even…. even if…. even including…. (alt., formal use)
〜といえども
a mix-up
to get mixed-up / to confuse with something else (e.g. one word with another word)
混同
[こんどう]
混同する
slander, defamation
to slander / to speak-ill of (e.g. in a political campaign)
中傷
[ちゅうしょう]
中傷する
one mind, one heart, one’s whole heart
wholeheartedly….
一心
[いっしん]
一心に
an article (in linguistics)
冠詞
[かんし]
once something happens…. once something occurs…. (an alt. use)
〜ともなると….
〜ともなれば….
recorded information, written account, booking
to record (important) information / to make an account of / to register / to book (usu. for things like passports, family registry, etc.)
記載
[きさい]
記載する
yearbook / almanac
年鑑
[ねんかん]
withdrawal
to withdrawal from (a lawsuit, a club, etc.) / to secede
脱退
[だったい]
脱退する
seedling
seedling, sapling, young tree
苗
[なえ]
苗木
[なえぎ]
ear of a plant, head of a plant
ear of rice, head of rice
穂
[ほ]
稲穂
[いなほ]
I wish…. if only…. (usu. expressing dissatisfaction with results)
〜ものを
(full) medical care
to diagnose and treat medically / to examine and then treat
診療
[しんりょう]
診療する
paid subscription
to pay for a subscription (to a magazine, etc.)
購読
[こうどく]
購読する
acid
sourness, sour taste
(kanji use)
酸
[さん]
I’m unsure…. I don’t really know (if)…. I don’t understand….
〜のやら
〜ことやら
〜ものやら
negligent, lazy, careless / negligence, procrastination
怠慢
[たいまん]
saturation / saturated—
to be saturated
飽和
[ほうわ]
飽和する
expressing a decision that does not reflect the facts or the truth
V (た) ことにする
V (た) ことになる
a sunny place
日なた
[ひなた]
beside…. by the side of…. on the bank of…. (esp. of a river, pond, etc.)
辺り
> [ほとり]
畔
[ほとり]
not enough, unsatisfactory or disappointing (implying something is missing)
物足りない
[ものたりない]
contemplating two opposing choices (with an air of uncertainty)
〜のやら 〜のやら….
monster
怪獣
[かいじゅう]
revolutionary, ground-breaking
transition from one era to another
画期的
[かっきてき]
画期
dictatorship, despotism
to rule as a dictator / to behave tyrannically
独裁
[どくさい]
独裁する
styrofoam
発泡スチロール
[はっぽうスチロール]
without regards for…. without paying attention to…. despite….
N + をよそに
smile (alt.)
微笑
[びしょう]
collection, compiled information
to collect or compile information / to levy (esp. related to taxes, withholdings, etc.)
tax certificate slip, statement of (yearly) earnings
徴収
[ちょうしゅう]
徴収する
源泉徴収票
[げんせんちょうしゅうひょう]
hands down…. far and away…. by a long shot…. definitely (the best, etc.)
断然
[だんぜん]
and therefore…. and so consequently…. (alt.)
when expressing the cause or reasoning
〜がゆえに….
N + (の) ゆえに….
N + (の) ゆえの….
….can be done easily,
it’s not hard to….
it’s not hard to imagine….
〜に難くない
[〜にかたくない]
想像に難くない
[そうぞうにかたくない]
scenario
script or screenplay
(loan word)
シナリオ
phrase
strawberry
(loan word)
フレーズ
*** the French word for strawberry is “fraise”
it is only…. at the most (e.g. it is only just one mistake)
たかが….
a raid
to raid / to take by force / to descend on
襲撃
[しゅうげき]
襲撃する
every other week
隔週
[かくしゅう]
- pretty much everything…. pretty much all over….
2. adding emphasis to separate one noun from others
N + という + N (same)
wholly. … exclusively…. solely…. (e.g. my Sundays are solely devoted to studying)
chiefly. … principally…. mainly….
もっぱら….
meddlesome, interfering / butting in
おせっかい
a careless person, a scatterbrain
おっちょこちょい
upon the realization of….
〜とみると
dumbfounded
being dumbfounded…. overcome with amazement or surprise….
呆然
> [ぼうぜん]
ぼうぜんと
ぼうぜんとする
drainage
to drain (water, etc.)
排水
[はいすい]
排水する
without any distinction between these things….
N1 + といわず N2 + といわず….
power, might (of a nation, etc.)
威力
[いりょく]
forfeiture / confiscation, seizure
to forfeit a game / to confiscate / to seize / to impound (a car)
a forfeited game
没収
[ぼっしゅう]
没収する
没収試合
[ぼっしゅうじあい]
drastic, vehement, really intense
猛烈
[もうれつ]
If you ask me…. If I may offer my opinion….
N + に言わせれば….
stretcher (used to carry sick / injured people)
担架
[たんか]
to take on an aspect of…. seeming to be…. behaving as….
〜びる (as ichidan verb)
chic, stylish, tasteful, refined
粋
[いき]
not in the least…. not at all…. (alt. use)
〜も何でもない
[〜もなんでもない]
〜も何ともない
echo, reverberation / repercussion
to echo / to reverberate (with an original sound) / to have repercussions / to have a reaction or response to
反響
[はんきょう]
反響する
(even if it’s) ….. or ….. still….
e.g. sooner or later….
A1 + かれ + A2 + かれ
jump-rope, jumping rope
縄跳び
[なわとび]
debt, liabilities
負債
[ふさい]
worshipping, deeply admiring
to worship (gods, ancestors, etc.) / to deeply admire (e.g. the leader of a cult
崇拝
[すうはい]
崇拝する
an insult, contempt
to insult / to slight / to treat with contempt
侮辱
[ぶじょく]
侮辱する
indignation, resentment
to resent / to be indignant towards (to feel anger or annoyance from what is perceived as unfair treatment)
憤慨
[ふんがい]
憤慨する
pier, jetty
桟橋
[さんばし]
