VN Review (Cards with * are from my notes from Mr Jones) Flashcards
Dead Reckoning is…
Flying a specific heading for a specified time to a destination
A good rule of thumb for choosing checkpoints for a VFR mission is to find points ___ to ___ minutes apart
5 to 15 minutes
Daytime visibility requirements flying less than 10,000 ft MSL in uncontrolled airspace
3 SM
Daytime visibility requirements flying at or greater than 10,000 ft MSL in uncontrolled airspace
5 SM
You must notify FSS if your estimated time of arrival (ETA) changes by more than ___ minutes
30 minutes
What happens to class D airspace when the tower closes?
It reverts to class E
Define uncontrolled airfield
Any airfield without an operating control tower. It could be an airfield with a tower, but the tower is closed.
What do you squawk when flying VFR?
1200
What is the purpose of the TRSA?
Keeps all participating VFR and IFR aircraft within confines, separate and apart. Creates an orderly flow of traffic within a terminal area.
If you need help taxiing, what are your two options?
- Follow-me truck
2. Progressive taxi instructions
What number do you call to obtain a weather briefing if a military briefing facility is not available?
1-800-WX-BRIEF
Where do you normally file your flight plans at military airfields?
Base Ops
Where do you normally file your flight plans at civilian airfields?
FSS
How many fuel sumps do you check while performing preflight checks at strange airfields?
5
When lost, to conserve fuel you should fly ___ AoA for maximum endurance
8.8 AoA
Dead reckoning
Flying a specific heading, at a specific airspeed, for a specific amount of time
What is the recommended technique for determining the proper IFR filing altitude?
The 10% method. Use 10% of the distance to your destination to approximate your enroute altitude in thousands of feet.
Ex: 150 mi * 10% = 15 or 15,000 feet
What are the main factors in choosing a chart to use for VFR navigation?
Altitude to fly, area to be covered, and detail required. As a general rule, the higher the altitude, the smaller the scale.
How do you determine a proper VFR altitude for VFR flights above 3,000 feet AGL?
- Use the hemispheric altitude diagram found on enroute navigation charts.
- Heading 360 - 179 Odd plus 500 feet
- Heading 180 - 359 Even plus 500 feet
What can you do if your intended destination lacks a published approach?
- You can file to a point enroute with weather sufficient to fly VMC. Cancel your IFR flight plan at this point and proceed VFR to your destination.
- File to another field serviced by a suitable published approach. Fly the approach until reaching VMC, then cancel IFR and proceed to your destination.
What types of airspace should be avoided when planning a VFR mission?
Restricted Areas, Warning Areas, Prohibited Areas, MOAs, Victor Airways, Military Training Routes (MTRs), Class B, C, and D Airspace
When flying under 10,000’ MSL in uncontrolled airspace, what distance should be maintained away from clouds?
500’ below
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal
(3 SM visibility)
How is your flight plan activated after takeoff?
The tower activates flight plans at military fields.
At civilian fields, the pilot must pass the takeoff time to the tie-in FSS immediately after takeoff.
What are the three conditions that require you to change your flight plan in flight?
- You change your route or destination
- You change from VFR to IFR
- Your ETA changes by more than 30 minutes
You are 10 seconds late to a checkpoint. How do you use the proportional method to correct your ETA to the next checkpoint?
Change your airspeed by 1 kt for every seconds you are late. Hold the corrected airspeed for the number of minutes equal to the ground speed in miles per minute.
Ex: groundspeed = 210 kt, Increase airspeed by 10 kts and hold for 3.5 minutes
What are s the preferred and accepted best method for identifying landmarks during a low-level VFR flight?
Work from clock to map to ground. In other words, you look at the ground last.
Describe how to make timing corrections using the proportional technique. Assume you are flying 3.5 miles per minute and arrive 20 seconds early at a checkpoint.
Decrease the planned airspeed by 20 knots for 3.5 minutes.
What are the requirements to cancel your IFR flight plan and proceed VFR to your destination?
Be outside Class A airspace
Ensure VFR cloud clearance and cancel IFR
Change transponder to the VFR code (1200)
Comply with VFR hemispheric altitudes
Prepare to proceed without radar services
Class E airspace
Airfields with no operating tower, no radio equipment required, contains uncontrolled airfields
Should you attempt to make any radio calls entering a strange field traffic pattern when you suspect communications failure?
YES- you may only have receiver failure, but can transmit ok. Make radio calls as normal and watch for light signals from the tower. Do not hesitate to try guard transmissions.
(True/False) With no other clearance, you should plan on fling initial to an overhead pattern when arriving at a civilian field.
FALSE - The standard civilian traffic pattern is a box pattern. Without further clearance, you should enter the pattern on a 45 degree entry leg to the outside downwind and fly a base to final or plan on a straight-in landing.
What transponder codes do you typically use for flying low-level along an SR and VR route?
Unless told differently, 1200 and 4000, respectively
How do you perform the postflight inspection if the flight is not the last flight of the day?
As a minimum, you only need to inspect the applicable items such as oil and fuel.
What procedures do you follow to perform a postflight oil inspection?
Check oil within 30 minutes of engine shutdown. If oil level is at or below ADD, service oil level to MAX HOT.
Where would you obtain a weather briefing if a military briefing facility was not available?
Call FSS 1-800-WX-BRIEF
What is the purpose of pulling the manual pressure relief handle during preflight inspection?
To relieve system pressure to get an accurate hydraulic fluid reading.
What would you do if you found a maintenance discrepancy during a postflight inspection?
Annotate the discrepancy in the AFTO 781. Contact the SOF or ODO who will provide you with further guidance and direction.
What configurations may pose center of gravity problems for the T-6?
Use of over the wing gravity refueling
Baggage in the baggage compartment
How is Emergency Route Abort Altitude (ERAA) calculated on a low-level VFR navigation route?
ERAA is 1000 feet (2000 feet in mountainous terrain) above the highest obstacle (technique: round up to the next 100 feet) within 25 NM of the planned course.
Ex: Obstacle Height = 225 ft (round up to 300 ft); ERAA = 300 + 1000 = 1300 ft
When are you required to contact FSS and what are you required to report when flying a low-level SR?
You are required to report the entry and exit points along with the respective time.
Most turns accomplished on the low-level route are made using ___ bank angle.
60 degree
How do the route of flight sections of an IFR and VFR flight plan differ?
VFR flight plans may use point-to-point, plain language to describe the route of flight or they may use NAVAID/DME to describe the points.
IFR flight plans list specific routes or airways, coded departures, and arrivals.
When do you implement lost procedures?
WHen you are not able to identify nor determine your position.
Why climb to a higher altitude during lost procedures?
To increase radio and NAVAID reception, visibility, and fuel efficiency
In case of lower visibility, you also want to ensure obstacle clearance until you identify your position.
- Chart Symbols:
- Checkpoint
- Initial Point
- Target
Checkpoint - ○
Initial Point - □
Target - ∆
*What makes good route construction?
VN Student Guide, pg 3: “Turnpoints should be selected for their vertical development such as a bridge, single peak, or dam. Avoid towns as turnpoints for tactical reasons. On the other hand, towns left and right of course make excellent checkpoints. A checkpoint is good only if it provides you with useful information. It must have a distinctive feature so you’ll be able to recognize it. Look for such things as an odd shaped lake or town or an airfield with a distinctive layout.”
*When converting from True headings to Magnetic, ____ West corrections and ___ East corrections
Add West
Subtract East
(East is Least and West is Best)
*On most Air Force missions, pilots use a ___, ___, or if the mission calls for a high level of map detail, a ___ chart.
TPC
ONC
JOG
*At military airfields, who opens and who closes flight plans?
Tower automatically opens and closes flight plans
*At civilian airfields, who opens and who closes flight plans?
Pilot calls FSS to open and close flight plans
*If you are using an Military Training Route (MTR), do you have to file flight plan?
Yes
*Is clearance required to fly VFR?
No. Just give altitude and direction.
*According to AFI 11-202 vol 3, what is the maximum speed below 10,000 feet?
250 KIAS
*If you request Flight Following, will you get it?
Workload permitting, yes.
*While flying low-level over featureless terrain, it is more important to monitor your ___ and scan the areas between ___ and ___
Altimeter
between 10:00 and 2:00
*What is funneling?
“Funneling is using features on either side of the aircraft to lead to the turn/checkpoint.” VN Student Guide pg 76
*What is Aiming?
“Just pick a point along your route and fly directly to it.Be sure you use objects like a major highway, bridge, or river that will either keep you on course or, if off course, take
you to course or the checkpoint. Make sure that the feature you use is on your course. As you get closer to the point, recheck your heading and aim for the next feature to stay on course.” VN Student Guide Pg 82
*The Four types of services under TRSA are:
Basic
Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
Class C service
CLass B service
*Class C Airspace requires that ATC repeat your ____ over the radio to give you permission to enter the airspace
Callsign
*You cannot fly ___ in Class A Airspace
VFR
*In Class D Airspace there are no ____ for VFR aircraft
Seperation Services
*Squawk ____ for lost comm.s
7600
*when two aircraft are on an intersecting course, the _____ aircraft has priority
lower
*How is a Strange Field defined?
An field other than the home field
*The T-6 accepts many different types of fuel but it is essential that the fuel contain ____
Icing Inhibitor
*A ____ Inspection must be performed before the first flight of the day
Preflight Inspection
*Ultimately, ____ is responsible to ensure that flight plans have been closed
The Pilot in Command
*Where is the worst place to see birds during flight, as viewed from within the cockpit?
10:00 - 2:00
*(True/False) Once you abort your route (ERAA), you cannot re-enter the route
True
*Reserve Fuel: ___lbs or ___ min, whichever is ___
110 lbs or 20 min, whichever is greater
*3 C’s
Confess: current time, heading, fuel
Climb: remain VMC
Conserve: 8.8 AoA, 125 KIAS
*If lost, fly ___ heading until ___
fly a definite heading until you find a definite landmark
*If lost, immediately ___
Implement lost procedures
*If lost + no fuel + no suitable airfield = ___
Eject
