vitamins from "fat soluble vitamins" lecture

Question 1

Which vitamin is important for vision?

Answer 1

Vitamin A

Question 2

Vitamin A can be found as ____ or ____

Answer 2

Pre formed or pro vitamin

Question 3

In Canada, dairy products are fortified with vitamin A. T or F

Answer 3

t

Question 4

Does vitamin A have toxicity, if so what are the symptoms?

Answer 4

Headache, vomiting, hair loss, liver damage, skin changes, bone and muscle pain, fractures and birth defects

Question 5

How much of the preformed vitamin A is absorbed?

Answer 5

70-90%, pro vitamin A is less absorbed

Question 6

How is vitamin A used in the body?

Answer 6

Stored in the liver

Must be transported in the blood by a carrier protein (retinol binding protein)
Acts as an antioxidant

Critical to vision and the conversion of light to signals in the brain
Control of gene transcription and cell differentiation

Question 7

What is the bioavailability for vitamin A?


Answer 7

Must be released from food by acidity and enzymes
Stable when heated, but destroyed by exposure the light and oxygen
Combines with bile and fats to be absorbed

Question 8

What are signs of deficiency in vitamin A?

Answer 8

Impaired vision including night blindness
Impaired cell differentiation (increased keratin production, impaired immunity and impaired growth and development)


Question 9

In what countries is a vitamin A deficiency most common?

Answer 9

India, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean (not in developed countries)

Question 10

When can vitamin A become toxic?

Answer 10

At extreme dosage

Question 11

What is the function/purpose of vitamin A?

Answer 11

Retinoic Acid (Rein A, Accutane) used to treat acne, wrinkles due to sun damage (increased turnover of cells and can have side effects)
Carotenoids (pro vitamin A) are less toxic as our body will stop absorbing them when levels are high
Golden rice


Question 12

What is golden rice?

Answer 12

A strain of rice genetically modified to produce B-carotene


Question 13

What is the purpose of golden rice?

Answer 13

Has potential to reduce the impact of vitamin A deficiency in low income regions
Caught up in the pushback against GMO foods


Question 14

How is vitamin D produced?

Answer 14

in the skin using radiation from the sun- known as the sunshine vitamin

Question 15

When exposure to the sun is low, how is vitamin d obtained?


Answer 15

diet

Question 16

In Canada, foods are fortified with Vitamin D including dairy products. T or F

Answer 16

t

Question 17

Is there toxicity in vitamin D, if so what are the symptoms?


Answer 17

Calcium deposits in soft tissues, growth retardation and kidney damage


Question 18

What is the bioavailability for vitamin D?

Answer 18

Major source is exposure to sunlight
Animal products contain Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)


Question 19

How is vitamin D used in the body?

Answer 19

Made from cholesterol and converted into vitamin D3 in the skin
Vitamin D3 is consumed in the diet from animal products
Vitamin D3 circulates in the blood but is still inactive
Processing in the liver and kidney produces the active form of Vitamin D
Vitamin D levels work with parathyroid hormone to control calcium levels in the body


Question 20

What condition is a manifestation in adults for vitamin d deficiency?

Answer 20

Osteomalacia - results in a greater risk of bone fractures, muscle and bone pain

Question 21

People on what diet have a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 21

Individuals who follow a vegan or vegetarian dietary pattern appear to be at greater fracture risk

Question 22

Vitamin D deficiency in children results in what condition?

Answer 22

Rickets, supplementation is recommended

Question 23

Those living in what environmental conditions receive insufficient UV radiation for vitamin D synthesis?

Answer 23

Those living about 40 degrees latitude N and 40 degrees south


Question 24

Calcium absorption is inadequate without which vitamin?

Answer 24

vitamin D - therefore bones form poorly

Question 25

It is estimated that how many people in the world have a vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 25

1 billion

Question 26

who is vitamin D supplementation recommended for?

Answer 26

Breastfed infants
Those living in northern Canada during the winter
All Canadians over 50
Vitamin D supplements do not appear to reduce fracture risk in adults with no other risk factors for fractures

Question 27

what is vitamin E identified as?

Answer 27

a fat soluble vitamin required for fertility in lab rats
Anti oxidant

Question 28

does vitamin E have toxicity, if so what is the result?

Answer 28

NON TOXIC BUT can inhibit vitamin K activity

Question 29

what is the bioavailability for vitamin E?

Answer 29

Destroyed by oxygen, metals, light and heat
Much is lost during processing

Question 30

how is vitamin E used in the body?

Answer 30

• converted to chylomicrons, transported throughout the body
• incorporated into VLDL particles for delivery
• Scavenges free radicals before damage, protects proteins and DNA from damage
• regenerated by Vitamin C

Question 31

what are the signs and symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 31

• poor muscle coordination, weakness and impaired vision
  Newborns and infants born premature have low vitamin E
  Most vitamin E transfer occurs in the last weeks of pregnancy
  risk of hemolytic anemia because RBC membranes are less stable

Question 32

what is vitamin E purpose/function?

Answer 32

promote hair growth
increase sexual potency and fertility
Alleviate fatigue
Maintain immune function
Enhance athletic performance
Reduce the symptoms of PMS and menopause
Slows aging

Question 33

chickens who were fed a fat free diet developed what disorder?

Answer 33

bleeding disorder

Question 34

is there toxicity for vitamin k, if so what is the result?

Answer 34

Can interfere with anticoagulant drugs

Question 35

what is the bioavailability for vitamin K?

Answer 35

destroyed by light and low or high acid conditions
can be produced by bacteria in the human gut
- but not enough for dietary needs

Question 36

how is vitamin K used in the body?

Answer 36

Vitamin K is necessary to enable blood clots to form
require carboxylase modification of clotting factors to function
required for the formation of fibrin

Question 37

what are the signs of a vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 37

Abnormal blood coagulation (blood does not clot)
may occur due to fat malabsorption or long term use of antibiotics
Most common in newborns

Question 38

what is the function/purpose of vitamin K?

Answer 38

Pre op injection to aid in blood clotting
vitamin K ANTAGONISTS are used to prevent blood clots