Carbohydrates Flashcards
do dairy, fruits and whole grain consist of carbs?
yes, in their refined state
how is the nutrient content reduced in carbs?
when it is refined
what does refining carbs remove from the carbs?
parts of the grain that contain vitamins, minerals and fiber
what are examples of bran?
Fiber and vitamins
what are examples of germ?
Vegetable oils and vitamin E
what are examples of Endosperm?
Starch and some protein
When a grain is refined, the endosperm is being collected
the WHO recommends that no more than 10% of calories come from:
free sugars
what does the Canada food guide recommend for diet:
more unrefined carbohydrates, whole grains, fruits, vegetables and legumes
Long term consumption of sugar sweetened beverages was associated with mortality primarily through what disease?
CVD
how does photosynthesis work?
plants use energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O into a glucose, releasing oxygen
what are carbs called in their simplest and purest form?
monosaccharides
each monosaccharide contains what?
6 carbons, 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens
When two monosaccharides are combined they form what?
disaccharide
Oligosaccharides (3-10) and polysaccharides (10+) are formed when?
when many monosaccharides are linked together
- this is how plants an animals can store carbs for later use
how are Di-, oligo- and poly- saccharides formed?
formed from condensation reactions using enzymes
-A specific enzyme is needed to break down each type of glycosidic bond
why can fibre not be digested?
consists of polysaccharides that can’t be digested because there is no human enzyme to break it down
functional fibre
is added fibre due to beneficial impact
what solution does soluble fibre form with water in the intestine?
gelatinous