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Biochem Post Midterm > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body, the two exceptions are

A

niacin and vitamin D

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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3
Q

hematopoietic vitamins

A

folic acid and B12

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4
Q

fat soluble vitamin that is an important antioxidant

A

vitamin E

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5
Q

fat soluble vitamin that is important for vision

A

vitamin A

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6
Q

vitamin required for clotting factors II, VII, IX and X

A

vitamin K

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7
Q

fat soluble vitamins are stored where

A

liver

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8
Q

fat soluble vitamin stored in the least amount, therefore manifests first as a result of absorptive deficiency

A

vitamin K

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9
Q

primary vitamin deficiency is related to

A

diet

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10
Q

name of vitamin A form required for dim light vision

A

11-cis retinal

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11
Q

name of vitamin A form required for epithelial growth

A

retinoic acid

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12
Q

pro vitamin form of vitamin A

A

beta carotene

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13
Q

name of vitamin A form required for maintenance of reproductive tissues

A

retinol

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14
Q

11-cis retinal goes into the rod cell and combines with _____ to form _______

A

opsin, rhodopsin

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15
Q

dim light converts rhodopsin into opsin and

A

all trans retinal

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16
Q

symptoms of vitamin A deficiency

A

night blindness, xerophthalmia, bitot spots, keratomalacia

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17
Q

raised intercranial pressure that mimics brain tumor with dry, peeling skin

A

hypervitaminosis A

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18
Q

precursor for vitamin D synthesis

A

7 dehydrocholesterol

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19
Q

name of inactive vitamin D

A

cholecalciferol

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20
Q

name of active vitamin D

A

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

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21
Q

where is vitamin D activated

A

in the kidney

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22
Q

rate limiting enzyme for activation of vitamin D

A

1-hydroxylase

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23
Q

organ that vitamin D works on

A

intestine to increase calcium absorption, bone to promote mobilization of calcium & kidney to inhibit calcium excretion

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24
Q

bow legs, pigeon chest, frontal bossing, increase alkaline phosphatase

A

rickets ( vitamin D deficiency )

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25
Q

old person, fragile bones, high alkaline phosphatase, renal failure

A

osteomalacia

26
Q

active form of vitamin E

A

alpha tocopherol

27
Q

vitamin E deficiency can manifest as

A

hemolytic anemia or loss of deep tendon reflexes

28
Q

administration of broad spectrum antibiotics is a risk factor for what vitamin

A

K

29
Q

gamma carboxylation allow for ______ binding

A

calcium

30
Q

intercranial bleeding in newborn is due to which vitamin deficiency

A

vitamin K

31
Q

drug that is a vitamin K antagonist

A

warfarin

32
Q

hematuria, melena, bleeding gums, mad bruises

A

vitamin K deficiency

33
Q

vitamin required for collagen synthesis

A

vitamin C

34
Q

collagen enzymes that need vitamin C

A

proline hydroxylase and lysine hydroxylase

35
Q

bleeding gums, loose teeth, mad bruises, perifollicular hemorrhages

A

scurvy

36
Q

type of reactions that require B1

A

oxidative decarboxylation

37
Q

Vitamin A can be used to treat

A

acne, and psoriasis

38
Q

difference between wet and dry beri beri

A

wet deal with cardiovascular and dry is neural

39
Q

syndrome associated with chronic alcoholics and thiamine deficiency

A

wernike-korsakoff

40
Q

name of vitamin B2 and where its used

A

riboflavin, Stuff that need FAD or FMN (complex II of ETC)

41
Q

Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency

A

cheliosis, glossitis, and dermatitis

42
Q

name for vitamin B3 deficiency

A

pellagra

43
Q

For d’s of pellagra

A

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death

44
Q

Pellagra is associated with which disorder

A

Hartnups

45
Q

Amino acid that can synthesize niacin

A

Tryptophan

46
Q

3 reactions that require biotin

A

Pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, Propionyl CoA carboxylase

47
Q

Enzyme in eggs that inhibits absorption of biotin

A

avidin

48
Q

vitamin used in decarboxylation reactions

A

B6

49
Q

drug that inhibits PLP

A

isoniazid

50
Q

isoniazid is used to treat

A

Tuberculosis

51
Q

Type of anemia seen in vitamins B6 deficiency

A

Microcytic anemia

52
Q

Absorption of B12 is done by

A

Intrinsic factor

53
Q

Type of anemia seen in patients without intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious anemia

54
Q

Eukaryotic drug that is a folic acid antagonist

A

Methotrexate

55
Q

Mineral required for synthesis of cross-links in collagen

A

Copper

56
Q

collagen enzyme that requires copper as a cofactor

A

lysyl oxidase

57
Q

copper defect where hair is gray, twisted and kinky (old Nigerian hair)

A

menkes syndrome

58
Q

Accumulation of copper in the brain, liver and eye

A

wilsons disease

59
Q

keyword for wilsons disease

A

Kayser- Fleischer rings

60
Q

genetic defect causing excessing absorption of Iron

A

hereditary hemochromatosis (iron stored in liver and pancreas)

Biochem Post Midterm (24 decks)

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