Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body, the two exceptions are
niacin and vitamin D
fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
hematopoietic vitamins
folic acid and B12
fat soluble vitamin that is an important antioxidant
vitamin E
fat soluble vitamin that is important for vision
vitamin A
vitamin required for clotting factors II, VII, IX and X
vitamin K
fat soluble vitamins are stored where
liver
fat soluble vitamin stored in the least amount, therefore manifests first as a result of absorptive deficiency
vitamin K
primary vitamin deficiency is related to
diet
name of vitamin A form required for dim light vision
11-cis retinal
name of vitamin A form required for epithelial growth
retinoic acid
pro vitamin form of vitamin A
beta carotene
name of vitamin A form required for maintenance of reproductive tissues
retinol
11-cis retinal goes into the rod cell and combines with _____ to form _______
opsin, rhodopsin
dim light converts rhodopsin into opsin and
all trans retinal
symptoms of vitamin A deficiency
night blindness, xerophthalmia, bitot spots, keratomalacia
raised intercranial pressure that mimics brain tumor with dry, peeling skin
hypervitaminosis A
precursor for vitamin D synthesis
7 dehydrocholesterol
name of inactive vitamin D
cholecalciferol
name of active vitamin D
1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
where is vitamin D activated
in the kidney
rate limiting enzyme for activation of vitamin D
1-hydroxylase
organ that vitamin D works on
intestine to increase calcium absorption, bone to promote mobilization of calcium & kidney to inhibit calcium excretion
bow legs, pigeon chest, frontal bossing, increase alkaline phosphatase
rickets ( vitamin D deficiency )
old person, fragile bones, high alkaline phosphatase, renal failure
osteomalacia
active form of vitamin E
alpha tocopherol
vitamin E deficiency can manifest as
hemolytic anemia or loss of deep tendon reflexes
administration of broad spectrum antibiotics is a risk factor for what vitamin
K
gamma carboxylation allow for ______ binding
calcium
intercranial bleeding in newborn is due to which vitamin deficiency
vitamin K
drug that is a vitamin K antagonist
warfarin
hematuria, melena, bleeding gums, mad bruises
vitamin K deficiency
vitamin required for collagen synthesis
vitamin C
collagen enzymes that need vitamin C
proline hydroxylase and lysine hydroxylase
bleeding gums, loose teeth, mad bruises, perifollicular hemorrhages
scurvy
type of reactions that require B1
oxidative decarboxylation
Vitamin A can be used to treat
acne, and psoriasis
difference between wet and dry beri beri
wet deal with cardiovascular and dry is neural
syndrome associated with chronic alcoholics and thiamine deficiency
wernike-korsakoff
name of vitamin B2 and where its used
riboflavin, Stuff that need FAD or FMN (complex II of ETC)
Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency
cheliosis, glossitis, and dermatitis
name for vitamin B3 deficiency
pellagra
For d’s of pellagra
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death
Pellagra is associated with which disorder
Hartnups
Amino acid that can synthesize niacin
Tryptophan
3 reactions that require biotin
Pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Enzyme in eggs that inhibits absorption of biotin
avidin
vitamin used in decarboxylation reactions
B6
drug that inhibits PLP
isoniazid
isoniazid is used to treat
Tuberculosis
Type of anemia seen in vitamins B6 deficiency
Microcytic anemia
Absorption of B12 is done by
Intrinsic factor
Type of anemia seen in patients without intrinsic factor
Pernicious anemia
Eukaryotic drug that is a folic acid antagonist
Methotrexate
Mineral required for synthesis of cross-links in collagen
Copper
collagen enzyme that requires copper as a cofactor
lysyl oxidase
copper defect where hair is gray, twisted and kinky (old Nigerian hair)
menkes syndrome
Accumulation of copper in the brain, liver and eye
wilsons disease
keyword for wilsons disease
Kayser- Fleischer rings
genetic defect causing excessing absorption of Iron
hereditary hemochromatosis (iron stored in liver and pancreas)
