Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body, the two exceptions are

Answer 1

niacin and vitamin D

Question 2

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

ADEK

Question 3

hematopoietic vitamins

Answer 3

folic acid and B12

Question 4

fat soluble vitamin that is an important antioxidant

Answer 4

vitamin E

Question 5

fat soluble vitamin that is important for vision

Answer 5

vitamin A

Question 6

vitamin required for clotting factors II, VII, IX and X

Answer 6

vitamin K

Question 7

fat soluble vitamins are stored where

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

fat soluble vitamin stored in the least amount, therefore manifests first as a result of absorptive deficiency

Answer 8

vitamin K

Question 9

primary vitamin deficiency is related to

Answer 9

diet

Question 10

name of vitamin A form required for dim light vision

Answer 10

11-cis retinal

Question 11

name of vitamin A form required for epithelial growth

Answer 11

retinoic acid

Question 12

pro vitamin form of vitamin A

Answer 12

beta carotene

Question 13

name of vitamin A form required for maintenance of reproductive tissues

Answer 13

retinol

Question 14

11-cis retinal goes into the rod cell and combines with _____ to form _______

Answer 14

opsin, rhodopsin

Question 15

dim light converts rhodopsin into opsin and

Answer 15

all trans retinal

Question 16

symptoms of vitamin A deficiency

Answer 16

night blindness, xerophthalmia, bitot spots, keratomalacia

Question 17

raised intercranial pressure that mimics brain tumor with dry, peeling skin

Answer 17

hypervitaminosis A

Question 18

precursor for vitamin D synthesis

Answer 18

7 dehydrocholesterol

Question 19

name of inactive vitamin D

Answer 19

cholecalciferol

Question 20

name of active vitamin D

Answer 20

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 21

where is vitamin D activated

Answer 21

in the kidney

Question 22

rate limiting enzyme for activation of vitamin D

Answer 22

1-hydroxylase

Question 23

organ that vitamin D works on

Answer 23

intestine to increase calcium absorption, bone to promote mobilization of calcium & kidney to inhibit calcium excretion

Question 24

bow legs, pigeon chest, frontal bossing, increase alkaline phosphatase

Answer 24

rickets ( vitamin D deficiency )

Question 25

old person, fragile bones, high alkaline phosphatase, renal failure

Answer 25

osteomalacia

Question 26

active form of vitamin E

Answer 26

alpha tocopherol

Question 27

vitamin E deficiency can manifest as

Answer 27

hemolytic anemia or loss of deep tendon reflexes

Question 28

administration of broad spectrum antibiotics is a risk factor for what vitamin

Answer 28

K

Question 29

gamma carboxylation allow for ______ binding

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

intercranial bleeding in newborn is due to which vitamin deficiency

Answer 30

vitamin K

Question 31

drug that is a vitamin K antagonist

Answer 31

warfarin

Question 32

hematuria, melena, bleeding gums, mad bruises

Answer 32

vitamin K deficiency

Question 33

vitamin required for collagen synthesis

Answer 33

vitamin C

Question 34

collagen enzymes that need vitamin C

Answer 34

proline hydroxylase and lysine hydroxylase

Question 35

bleeding gums, loose teeth, mad bruises, perifollicular hemorrhages

Answer 35

scurvy

Question 36

type of reactions that require B1

Answer 36

oxidative decarboxylation

Question 37

Vitamin A can be used to treat

Answer 37

acne, and psoriasis

Question 38

difference between wet and dry beri beri

Answer 38

wet deal with cardiovascular and dry is neural

Question 39

syndrome associated with chronic alcoholics and thiamine deficiency

Answer 39

wernike-korsakoff

Question 40

name of vitamin B2 and where its used

Answer 40

riboflavin, Stuff that need FAD or FMN (complex II of ETC)

Question 41

Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency

Answer 41

cheliosis, glossitis, and dermatitis

Question 42

name for vitamin B3 deficiency

Answer 42

pellagra

Question 43

For d's of pellagra

Answer 43

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death

Question 44

Pellagra is associated with which disorder

Answer 44

Hartnups

Question 45

Amino acid that can synthesize niacin

Answer 45

Tryptophan

Question 46

3 reactions that require biotin

Answer 46

Pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, Propionyl CoA carboxylase

Question 47

Enzyme in eggs that inhibits absorption of biotin

Answer 47

avidin

Question 48

vitamin used in decarboxylation reactions

Answer 48

B6

Question 49

drug that inhibits PLP

Answer 49

isoniazid

Question 50

isoniazid is used to treat

Answer 50

Tuberculosis

Question 51

Type of anemia seen in vitamins B6 deficiency

Answer 51

Microcytic anemia

Question 52

Absorption of B12 is done by

Answer 52

Intrinsic factor

Question 53

Type of anemia seen in patients without intrinsic factor

Answer 53

Pernicious anemia

Question 54

Eukaryotic drug that is a folic acid antagonist

Answer 54

Methotrexate

Question 55

Mineral required for synthesis of cross-links in collagen

Answer 55

Copper

Question 56

collagen enzyme that requires copper as a cofactor

Answer 56

lysyl oxidase

Question 57

copper defect where hair is gray, twisted and kinky (old Nigerian hair)

Answer 57

menkes syndrome

Question 58

Accumulation of copper in the brain, liver and eye

Answer 58

wilsons disease

Question 59

keyword for wilsons disease

Answer 59

Kayser- Fleischer rings

Question 60

genetic defect causing excessing absorption of Iron

Answer 60

hereditary hemochromatosis (iron stored in liver and pancreas)