Vitamins 2

Question 1

deficiency causes dry beriberi (peripheral neuropathy), wet beriberi (dilated cardiomyopathy), and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Answer 1

Thiamine (vitamin B1)

Whole grains, meat, fortified cereal, nuts, legumes

Question 2

Deficiency causes

Diarrhea
Dermatitis (photosensitivity)
Dementia, depression, distraction
Death

also atrophic glossitis (smooth red tongue)

Answer 2

Niacin (vitamin B3)

Pellagra

Meat, whole grains, legumes

Question 3

deficiency causes macrocytic anemia, glossitis (shiny red tongue), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (ex: ataxia, paresthesias, confusion, depression).

Answer 3

Cobalamin (vitamin B12)

Meat, dairy

Question 4

Meat, whole grains, legumes, nutsdeficiency causes irritability and depression, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Answer 4

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

Meat, whole grains, legumes, nuts

Question 5

deficiency should be suspected in a malnourished patient with angular cheilitis (fissures at corners of lips), glossitis (hyperemic tongue), stomatitis (hyperemic/edematous oropharyngeal mucous membranes, sore throat), normocytic-normochromic anemia, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Answer 5

Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

a water-soluble vitamin that is present in Dairy, eggs, meat, green vegetables

Question 6

Hypervitaminosis ____ can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms and cerebral edema.

Answer 6

A

Question 7

deficiency impairs collagen synthesis. Mucocutaneous symptoms include ecchymoses, petechiae, bleeding gums, hyperkeratosis, and coiled hair.

Answer 7

Vitamin C (scurvy)

Question 8

deficiency manifests as impaired coagulation (eg, easy bruisability, mucosal bleeding, melena, hematuria).

Answer 8

Vitamin K

Question 9

deficiency causes impaired adaptation to darkness, photophobia, dry scaly skin, dry conjunctiva (xerosis conjunctiva), dry cornea (xerosis cornea) and a wrinkled, cloudy cornea (keratomalacia).

less common findings:
* Bitot spots (dry, silver-gray plaques on the bulbar conjunctiva)
* Follicular hyperkeratosis of the shoulders, buttocks, and extensor surfaces are

Answer 9

Vitamin A

Question 10

Strict vegan diets (ie, avoiding all animal-derived foods) can lead to deficiencies in what 2 vitamins

and in some cases what 2 minerals

Answer 10

Vitamin B12
Vitamin D

Calcium & Iron in children & menstruating women eating vegan

Question 11

Deficiency causes

Megaloblastic anemia
Neural Tube defects in fetus

Answer 11

Vitamin B9 (folate, folic acid)

Green leafy vegetables, fruit, meat, fortified cereal/grains