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HUNT 141 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins

A
  • Vital to Life
  • Do not provide energy
  • if absent or low in diet, symptoms of deficiency may appear
  • required in the diet in small amounts
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2
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B and C Vitamin

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3
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

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4
Q

Water Soluble Storage

A

Limited

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5
Q

Fat Soluble Storage

A

stored in cells associated with fat, so we shouldn’t consume to much of them.

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6
Q

B Vitamins Main Overall Function

A

are co enzymes for Energy Metabolism

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7
Q

B Vitamins in NZ Diet

A

NZ had adequate intake of all B Vitamins as many are found in small amount of lots of foods.

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8
Q

Berocca

A

Fill of B Vitamins = Life Energy

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9
Q

Co-Enzyme (B Vitamin)

A

is a small molecules that binds to the active site of a enzyme to help the enzyme bind better, and which the enzyme can’t function without it

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10
Q

Vitamins are Complex

A

if you are deficient in one vitamins this impacts other vitamins ability

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11
Q

B1

A

Thiamin

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12
Q

Thiamin Deficiency

A

Beriberi
Werncike-Korsakoff

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13
Q

Berberi (2)

A

Thiamin Deficiency where you eat lots of germinated foods.
- need to have a more diverse diet or fortification

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14
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff (3)

A

thiamin Deficiency
alcoholics - brain function
flour is fortified in NZ

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15
Q

Thiamin Food Sources (3)

A

Bread
Cereals
Legumes

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16
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

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17
Q

Riboflavin Food Sources (2)

A

Milk and beverages

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18
Q

Riboflavin Deficiency Symtoms (3)

A
  • generalised symptoms
  • inflamed eyelids
  • purple tongue
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19
Q

B3

A

Niacin

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20
Q

Niacin Food Sources (3)

A

Poultry
Bread
Beef

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21
Q

Niacin Deficiency

A

Pellagra

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22
Q

Folate

A

need to eat a-lot to reach the RDI, so supplements are recommend in pregnancy

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23
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin Deficiency and was found in low protein diets
symptoms are the 4 Ds
- Death
- Diarrhoea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia

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24
Q

B5

A

Pantothenic Acid

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25
Q

Pantothenic Acid (4)

A

B5, is wide spread in foods, and deficiency and toxicity are rare.

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26
Q

B6

A

Pyridoxine

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27
Q

Pyridoxine Food Sources

A

Fruit and Veges

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28
Q

B7

A

Biotin

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29
Q

Biotin (2)

A

Deficiency and toxicity are rare
wide spread in foods

30
Q

B9

A

Folate

31
Q

B12

A

Cobalamin

32
Q

B12 Food Sources

A

only found in food with an animal origin

33
Q

B12 Supply in Body

A

3-5 year supply

34
Q

Whom are more likely to have a B12 Deficiency (2)

A

Vegans - low level from diet
elderly

35
Q

Vitamins Unit

A

ug

36
Q

Scurvy

A

Caused by a lack of VC
was common on voyages as they sailors wouldn’t get fresh fruit/vege over a long period of time causing scurvy

37
Q

How many Sailors would Dir during voyages

A

2/3 sailors

38
Q

VC Deficiency Symtoms (3)

A
  • Haemorrhages
  • Sore to move for children
  • Often sudden Death
39
Q

James Cook and Scurvy

A

In 1772-75 he discovered that if they stopped for fresh foods and were clean on the boat no sailors would die, but it wasn’t till later that this was scientifically proven

40
Q

Scurvy Grass

A

used to prevent scurvy by ship crews visiting NZ

41
Q

VC Function

A

antioxidant
production of collagen
co-factor of many things

42
Q

VC main job as a Co-factor

A

Synthesis of Collagen
Collagen is a important tissue in the body which in the absence of VC it can’t not be made. this causes muscles to be weak, hence it is a symptom of scurvy

43
Q

VC Absorption

A

done in small intestine
efficiency of absorption declines with the more you consume

44
Q

10mg and 400mg of VC

A

10mg - prevents scurvy
400mg - not additional benefits

45
Q

VC Food Sources

A

Fruit and Vegetables

46
Q

VC and Heat

A

don’t heat them as this removes VC

47
Q

VC and the Common Cold

A

VC doesn’t prevent colds but it does decrease the duration of the cold

48
Q

VC as other CoFactors (2)

A

Cortisol Production and Dopamine to Noradrenaline

49
Q

VA

A

retinol and carotenoids

50
Q

Carotenoids

A

are plant pigments - red, orange and yellow that help plants absorb light for photosynthesis
and act as an antioxidant
has many different forms but B-carotene is it’s main form
found in carrots

51
Q

B-Carotene

A

the most bioavailable after retinol

52
Q

Retinoids

A

found in animal products and comes in 3 forms
- retinol
- retinal
- retinoic acid

53
Q

Retinoids Conversions

A

retinal and retinol can interchange but retinoic acid can’t turn back once made

54
Q

VA Functions, and how it impacts it

A

Vision

VA/retinal assists visual cycle of the conversion of cis to trans retinal in the eye which allows you to adjust and see in the dark.

it is important to get enough of it in the diet. even though it can be converted to from retinol, not all of it is.

It is important to catch onto it early on as you can cure it, but later on it becomes permanent.

55
Q

Retinol

A

Reproduction, transport and storage form

56
Q

Retinal

A

Vision
Conversion of retinal to retinoic acid

57
Q

Retinoic Acid

A

cell differentiation and growth

58
Q

VA and Visions 2 roles

A
  1. rod cells - night vision
    cone cells - adjusting to light
  2. health of epithelial cells (if not this leads to blindness)
59
Q

VA Deficiency

A

Blindness and nighttime blindness

60
Q

VA Food Sources

A

veges
butter
milk

61
Q

Solution to VA

A

fortification and supplementation
important when a child

62
Q

VA Toxicity

A

from lots of animal products or supplements

63
Q

VK

A

has 2 natural forms, k2 is not essentiall for adults

64
Q

VK and Blood Coagulation

A

Our DNA has a mRNA for blood coagulation which then takes a protein which has a side chain that gets carboxylated. this process requires VK to happen. This side chain then binds to Ca which then help heal the coagulation. Ca stops the clotting but VK makes the carboxylated bind to the protein.

65
Q

VK in the Diet (2)

A

leafy greens veges
upto 50% from bacteria in large bowel

66
Q

VK Main Functions

A

Blood Clotting

67
Q

VE Functions

A

powerful fat soluble antioxidant
prevents VA from oxidation

68
Q

VE Bioavailability

A

most available in foods and readily absorbed

69
Q

VE Food Sources

A

Butter
Veges
Fruit

70
Q

VE ATCB Trial

A

found that those in the VE supplement group had not benefits in terms of lung cancer. but they did find that Bcarotene increases risk of lunch cancer which is a concern.

71
Q

Functions
VC and VE
VA
VB
VC
VK

A

Antioxidants
Protein Synthesis and Vision
Energy Metabolism
Collagen (scurvy)
Blood Clotting

72
Q

What Vitamin gets Toxicity

A

VA

HUNT 141 (13 decks)

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