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HUNT 141 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates Include

A

starches
sugars
dietary fibre
glycogen

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2
Q

Monosaccharides

A

are single sugar
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose

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3
Q

Fructose

A

found in fruit and is the sweetest

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4
Q

Galactose

A

found in dairy and rarely occurs naturally

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5
Q

Glucose

A

serves as the essential energy source

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6
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides one of which is always glucose

known as sugars

  • maltose
  • sucrose
  • lactose
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7
Q

Maltose

A

glucose and glucose

produced during germination of seed and fermination

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8
Q

Sucrose

A

glucose and fructose

refined from sugar canes and beets

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9
Q

Lactose

A

glucose and galactose

found in milk products

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10
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

few glucose units linked together

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11
Q

Polysaccharides

A

many glucose units linked together

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12
Q

Starch (3)

A
  • is the storage form of glucose in plants
  • is the most important carb in the human body as provides energy
  • is a polysaccharide
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13
Q

Glycogen

A
  • multi-branched polysaccharide
  • main storage form of glucose
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14
Q

Dietary Fibre

A

are resistant to digestion and absorption in the small intestines and usually undergo fermenation in the large intestine

  • only found in plant foods
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15
Q

Dietary Fibre Promotes what Beneficial Effects (3)

A

laxation
reduction in blood cholesterol
modulation of blood glucose

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16
Q

Non-Starch Polysaccharide (resistant starch)

A

resistant to enzymes in the small intestine, so they not broken down here

17
Q

3 Highest Groups Contributing to Dietary Fibre Intakes

A

bread
veges
potatos

18
Q

Free Sugars

A

mono/disaccharides which are added to foods by manufactures, cook and consumers but also those naturally occurs eg. honey

19
Q

Free Sugars Added to food are …

A

Added Sugar

20
Q

Free Sugars that are Naturally Present are called ….

A

intrinsic sugar

21
Q

WHO Recommends Reducing Free and Added Sugar Intakes to

A

less than 10% of our total energy intake

22
Q

Why Do We Want To Reduce Sugar Intake (2)

A

decrease energy intake and obesity
teeth and dental caries

23
Q

Ways to Decrease Sugar Take (4)

A

sugar tax
labelling
nutritive sweeteners
modify taste

24
Q

Carbohydrate Digestion

A

Amylase a enzyme made by the pancreas and the mouth break downs carbs

25
Q

Carbohydrate Metabolism

A

travels via hepatic vein to liver, and the glucose is then used for energy, stored as glycogen and excess stored as fat

26
Q

Lactose Intolerance

A

this is when we cant break now lactose well as we have low amounts of lactase so, so consuming milk this causes them not to feel well

27
Q

Lactose Persistance

A

when we are born we consume a lot milk so are good are breaking down lactose. but as we get older this ability goes away. however some people keep this ability so are lactose persistant.

28
Q

Glycaemic Index (2)

A

is a measure that ranks foods on how quickly they raise you blood sugar levels.

it is done by consuming 50g of carbohydrates of a certain food, and they measure over short period of time how quickly it raises you sugar levels. make sure you are fasted before you do this.

29
Q

High GI

A

GI = 70-100
carbohydrates break down quickly during digestion releasing blood sugar rapidly into the blood stream
eg - white bread

30
Q

Moderate GI

A

GI = 56-69
carbohydrates break down moderately during digestion releasing blood sugar moderately into the blood stream
eg - museli

31
Q

Low GI

A

GI = 0-55
carbohydrates break down slowly during digestion releasing blood sugar slowly into the blood stream
eg. broccoli

32
Q

Nutella and GI

A

nutella even though is very high in sugar has a low GI, because nutella also has a high fat content which slows the processes of sugar entering the bloodstream

33
Q

3 Issues with GI

A
  • two individuals will have different responses to the same food
  • same food when serving food is taken into account
  • combining foods can give unpredictable GI
34
Q

GI vs Glycemic Load

A

sometime you would have to eat lots of one food to reach 50g of carbs so isn’t a good representation of some foods

35
Q

no. 1 Food to get Dietary Fibre

A

Bread

HUNT 141 (13 decks)

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