Lipids

Question 1

Lipids Definition

Answer 1

any class of fatty acids or are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Question 2

Lipids Function

Answer 2

• source of energy
• component of cell membranes

Question 3

4 Types of Lipids

Answer 3

triglycerides
fatty acids
phospholipids
sterols

Question 4

Triglycrides

Answer 4

3
90% of dietary lipids
energy and fatty acid storage (this is main fat of our body)

structure: glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 5

Fatty Acids

Answer 5

long chain of carbon atoms with a methyl group (CH3) at one end and a carboxyl group (COOH) at the other end of the chain

Question 6

Fatty Acids - Length of Chains

Answer 6

long - 14C
very long - +20C

Question 7

Saturated Fat

Answer 7

with hydrogen no bonds
eg. coconut oil, butter, palm oil

Question 7

Fatty Acids - Double Bonds

Answer 7

affects melting point
- saturated
- monounsaturated
- polyunsaturated
- cis vs trans

Question 7

LCPUFA’s

Answer 7

Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 7

Monounsaturated

Answer 7

1 double bond
eg. olive, canola and peanut oil

Question 7

Polyunsaturated

Answer 7

more than one double bond
eg. safflower, flaxseed, walnut, sunflower, corn and soybean oil

Question 7

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 7

humans are not able to make a double bond with the first 6 carbons from the methyl end so we need to get this is the diet

cis bonds - linoleic and linolenic acids

Question 7

Phospholipids

Answer 7

Make up 5-10% of dietary Lipids
structure: glycerol backbone - fatty acids (doesn’t like water)- phosphate group (like water)

Question 7

Where Double Bond Is

Answer 7

position of first double bond from the methyl end

eg C18:1n9
= 18 carbons and one double bond on the 9th carbon from methyl end

Question 8

Sphingolipids

Answer 8

type of phospholipid found in brain and nervous tissue

Question 8

Prostaglandins

Answer 8

type of phospholipid and used for signalling, removes pains

Question 8

Energy from Sat Fat in the Diet

Answer 8

less than 10%

Question 8

Sterols

Answer 8

have a multiple string structure
- found in plant foods

Question 8

Lipid Digestion

Answer 8

heat breaks it up in the stomach
bile from gallbladder emulsifies fat

Question 8

Lipoprotein

Answer 8

transport fat molecules in water

Question 8

Fat Absorption and Lipid Transport Process Involves

Answer 8

Chylomicron
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 9

Chylomicron

Answer 9

delivers dietary lipids from the intestine to peripheral tissue and the liver

Question 10

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

Answer 10

Delivers lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues

Question 11

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 11

Transports Cholesterol to peripheral tissues and the liver

Question 12

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 12

transports cholesterol from tissue and transports to liver and lipoproteins

Question 13

Type of Fat Eaten can Influence ….

Answer 13

fats in the body

Question 14

CVD Risk Factors

Answer 14

many of them can be modifiable from the diet

Question 15

% of Women in the world that deaths are from CVD

Answer 15

35%

Question 16

CVD and Sat Fat

Answer 16

as sat fat increases so does the risk fo CVD but after 10% is palteos doesn’t make risk anymore hence the RDI

Question 17

NZ Margarine

Answer 17

less double bonds more sat fat
cis turns to trans fat which aren’t good for heart so this is illegal in NZ