Digestive System

Question 1

Digestion Defintion

Answer 1

is the process of breaking down foods, through enzymes and hormones, this happens through different parts of the digestive system

Question 2

Mouth (3)

Answer 2

ingestion of food
we have 32 teeth that chew the food into smaller pieces

salivary glands in our mouth release saliva enzymes into our mouth which makes a food moist

our tongue mixes the food with saliva and pushes it to the back of our mouth

Question 3

Oesophagus (2)

Answer 3

our swallowing food causes food to move into oesophagus

our oesophagus is ringed with circular and longitude muscles (peristalsis and sphincter) which move food into the stomach

Question 4

Peristalsis

Answer 4

part of oesophagus

moves bolus of food throughout the digestive tract

Question 5

Sphincter

Answer 5

part of oesophagus

muscles control movement from one section to another

Question 6

Choking

Answer 6

this is when food that was meant to go down the oesophagus ends up in the wind pipe blocking our airway.

Question 7

Stomach (5)

Answer 7

at the stomach chemical and physical digestion occurs

Physcial - squeezing of the food accurs to break down the food

chemical - the stomach is acidic, warm, and contains hormone called gastrin (HCL and Pepsin) break down the food

HCl is also protective

our stomach is lined with mucus which protects the acids contents from also breaking down the actual stomach

Question 8

Movement of Food

Answer 8

Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Excretion

Question 9

Heartburn

Answer 9

is the cause of the acidic contents of the stomach, which reflux/goes back up to the oesophagus and cause a acidic burn, but feels like it is happening in the heart but it’s not

Question 10

Small Intestine

Answer 10

is 3-6 metres long and has 3 sections - is where most of the breakdown and absorption occurs

the pancreas releases pancreatic juice, the liver and gallbladder produce bile to make the breakdown of foods easier

the intestines wall have villi which increase the surface area of absorption of nutrients into he blood, for cells use

any leftover undigested foods carry onto the large intestine.

Question 11

Large Intestine (3)

Answer 11

1.5m long

this is where the reabsorption of water and minerals occur

bacterial fermentation (food we don’t injest) of indigestible materials also occurs here

Question 12

Bariatric Surgery

Answer 12

this is a surgery where they take out part of your stomach. by reducing you stomach size you eat less due to feeling fur quicker, leading you to losing weight. however it is important to make sure you are still getting the right amount of all nutrients.

Question 13

Bowel Cancer

Answer 13

is the 2nd most common cancer

this build up of excess

Question 14

Absorption of Nutrients

Answer 14

the surface area is high increasing vili in the intestines which are needed to absorb the many molecules into the blood stream

Question 15

Transporting Nutrients from the intestines (gut)

Answer 15

nutrients are absorbed by the epithelial cell and travel via the hepatic portal vein into the liver (metabolic organ).

fats (fat soluble) via pass the livers straight into the blood

Question 16

Coeliac Disease

Answer 16

this is when the cell lining of the small intestine become damaged and inflame. this causes flattering of the vili. this decreasing the intestine SA interfering with the absorption of nutrients (gluten). can be fixed by eating no gluten diet.

Question 17

Prebiotics

Answer 17

are founds in dairy and ferminated foods

Question 18

Probiotics

Answer 18

are foods such as fruit and veges, used by intestinal bacteria