Energy Balance & Obesity Flashcards
Energy Balance Equation
energy = energy in - energy out
Energy In is
is from food and beverages we intake
Energy Out
is heat lost
Calorimetry
the measurement of energy expenditure
3 Ways to Measure Calorimetry
Direct Calorimetry
Indirect Calorimetry
Doubly Labelled Water
Indirect Calorimetry
measuring O2 to CO2 released
this is the most common way as is less invasive this is used in PA and is called VO2 max
Direct Calorimetry
measure our heat output
this is not an accessible way to do it as their is not many of these rooms to do in the world
Doubly Labelled Water
The gold standard of this
but it is expensive as you use a certain molecules in the body water to measure output
Energy Expenditure and %
Resting Energy Expenditure - 60%
Thermic Effect of Food - 10%
PA - 32%
and growth
EER and BMR
very similar but EER is not as strict
Thermic Effect of Food
10% of energy
energy used to digest foods
protein (hardest) then carbs then fat (easiest) to breakdown
Growth
more energy then out
Weight Loss
more energy out then in
3 Things about Energy Balance of a Day
- fluctuates over a day
- highly variable
- energy balance is achieved over a long period of time
Is PA or Eating Less more Effective for Weight Loss
Eating Less
Overweight and Obesity Definition (4)
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health
BMI 30+
can be prevented
increase health risks
Distribution of Excess Fat
male = apple (men gain weight around there stomach)
female = pear (women gain weight around our hips)
Amount of Excess Fat Stored
BMI 25-29.9 = overweight
BMI 30+ = obesity
BMI Correlation with Body Fat
r = 0.8
Fraction of Children that are Overweight or Obese
1/3
Fraction of Adults that are Overweight or Obese
6-7/10
As BMI increases NCDs Risk Also Increase what 3 Diseases
CVD
diabetes
disorders
cancer
Genes, Environment and Obesity
our genes have not changed but environment has so the environment is the issue
eg. portion sizes, ads, snacking etc and less PA
