Vitamins

Question 1

organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism and other biochemical functions such as growth and tissue repair

they attach to enzymes to activate anabolic processes

insufficient amounts can result to deficiencies

Answer 1

vitamins and minerals

Question 2

water soluble vitamins

Answer 2

vitamin C and B vitamin complex (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin)

dissolved easily in water
easily excreted in the urine
daily intake NEEDED to prevent deficiencies

Question 3

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 3

vitamin A, D, E and K

present in both plants and animal food
stored in the liver and fatty tissues
slow metabolism
excreted via faeces
daily intake not required as deficiency only occurs after prolonged deprivation
CAN BE TOXIC if overdosed

Question 4

minerals

Answer 4

iron
calcium
magnesium
phosphorous
zinc
iodine

Question 5

vitamins that our own body can synthesise

Answer 5

vit K and B complex obtained by normal bacteria synthesis in the small intestine - broad spectrum abx can affect the production of these vitamins

vit D - synthesised by skin from sunlight

Question 6

nursing considerations for vitamins and minerals

Answer 6

diagnose and treat causes of vitamin deficiencies
take food supplements when dietary sources are inadequate
ALWAYS use oral formulations
DO NOT over-supplement - risk of toxicity

Question 7

associated with ocular defects and an increased to susceptible infections.

Answer 7

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 8

high levels of vitamin A in pregnancy can

Answer 8

cause birth defects

Question 9

vit D benefits

Answer 9

improve calcium absorption

Question 10

vit D deficiency risks

Answer 10

rickets (softening of bones in children)
osteoporosis, insulin resistance and impaired immunity

Question 11

can occur in people who are limited to sunshine exposure, who are dark skinned and deficient vit D diet

Answer 11

vitamin D deficiency

Question 12

vit D deficiency treatment

Answer 12

adequate calcium
oral supplement - colecalciferol or vitamin D3

Question 13

manufactured by gut microorganisms

Answer 13

vitamin b12

Question 14

vit B12 benefits

Answer 14

manufacture haemoglobin

Question 15

groups who are at risk of vit B12 deficiency

Answer 15

elderly, vegetarians, vegans and pts who undergone weight loss surgery

Question 16

vit B12 deficiency symptoms

Answer 16

weakness, numbness, difficulty walking, yellowish skin and memory loss

Question 17

risk of prolonged vit b12 deficiency

Answer 17

macrocytic anemia
peripheral neuropathies
cancer
Alzheimer’s

Question 18

cause vit B12 deficiencies

Answer 18

malabsorption
inadequate diet

Question 19

vitamin that can prevent birth defects of the brain and spine. recommended for pregnant women

Answer 19

vitamin B9 or folic acid

Question 20

minerals that is key component of haemoglobin

Answer 20

iron

Question 21

iron deficiency can cause

Answer 21

microcytic anemia

Question 22

cause of iron deficiency

Answer 22

blood loss
inadequate diet
malabsorption
pregnancy

Question 23

treatment for iron deficiency related anaemia

Answer 23

ferrous fumarate
ferrous sulfate
vitamin C- improves absorption of iron

Question 24

adverse effects of iron supplements

Answer 24

constipation or diarrhoea
GI disturbance