Antihyperlipidemic

Question 1

main goal of lipid-lowering agents or antihyperlipidemic meds

Answer 1

prevent CADs
prevent atherosclerosis

Question 2

accumulation of lipids causing the hardening and narrowing of the walls of the arteries

Answer 2

atherosclerosis

Question 3

primary cause of dyslipidaemia

Answer 3

excessive alcohol intake
diabetes
liver disease
nephrotic syndrome
corticosteroid treatment

Question 4

in the liver _________ and _____________ are transported in the blood by lipoprotein particles

Answer 4

cholesterol (produced by liver) and triglycerides

Question 5

functions of HDL and LDL

Answer 5

HDL - high density lipoproteins removes excess cholesterol in the blood and take it back to the liver
LDL - low density lipoproteins transport cholesterol throughout the body cells. High LDL lvls results in plaque build-up in the arteries

Question 6

is made up of fat, cholesterol and calcium which overtime will hardens and narrows the walls of the arteries limiting blood flow and oxygen supply to the body organs

Answer 6

plaque

Question 7

antihyperlipidaemic meds

Answer 7

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
Antiplatelets
ezetimibe
fibrates

Question 8

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pharmacodynamics

Answer 8

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase - which is an enzyme responsible for synthesising cholesterol in the liver and increasing LDL receptors

Statins helps reduce total cholesterol lvls, LDLs and less extent triglycerides. Also reduce inflammation and have plaque stabilisation benefits

Question 9

Adverse effects of statins

Answer 9

myalgia and myopathy - muscle pain, tenderness and weakness
myoglobinuria - acute renal failure

Question 10

statin contraindications

Answer 10

liver disease and alcoholic person
NOT COMPATIBLE with pregnant person due to congenital abnormalities and decrease synthesis of cholesterol will affect foetal development

Question 11

statins drug interactions

Answer 11

erythromycin - erythromycin increases simvastatin exposure causing RHABDOMYOLYSIS (damaging muscle tissues which releases its harmful proteins (myoglobin) and electrolytes in the blood harming the heart and kidneys causing permanent movement disability and death.

Question 12

HMG-CoA inhibitor meds

Answer 12

simvastatin
atorvastatin
pravastatin

Question 13

other hyperlipidemic meds

Answer 13

ezetimibe - prevents intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Use with statin to further reduce CADs and high risk of diabetes
fibrates - decreases triglyceride serum minimum effect on LDLs. CAUTION for GALL STONES (hard deposits of bile in the gall bladder)