Antipsychotics Flashcards
The loss of contact with the reality
Psychosis
Major psychotic episode
Schizophrenia (hallucination, delusion and disordered thinking)
Excess dopamine causes positive symptoms such as
Hallucinations
agitation
anxiety
mania
paranoia
N&V
Deficient dopamine causes
depression
tremor
disorganised thinking
impaired cognition
Pharmacodynamics of 1st gen or Typical antipsychotics
High affinity dopamine antagonist or inhibit the release of dopamine from the brain (to prevent positive symptoms of schizophrenia)
can cause pyramidal symptoms or movement disorders
1st generation typical or typical antipsychotic meds
Haloperidol
Droperidol
Pharmacodynamics of 2nd gen or Atypical antipsychotics
Low affinity (binds and release) dopamine and serotonin antagonist to prevent positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Does not cause extra pyramidal symptoms or movement disorders
2nd gen or Atypical antipsychotic meds
Risperidone
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Adverse effects of 1st gen or Typical antipsychotics
High risk of Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements in jaw, lips and tongue) and Acute dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions of extremeties, face, neck)
Extrapyramidal syndrome
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
Adverse effects of 2nd gen or Atypical antipsychotics
Low risks of dyskinesia, dystonia and extrapyramidal syndrome
increased weight, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood sugar
Nursing considerations for antipsychotics
up to 6- 10 weeks to see efficacy
Emphasise adverse effects:
1st gen or Typical: Dyskinesia, dystonia, extrapyramidal syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
2nd gen or Atypical: weight gain, increased BSL, LDL and triglycerides
- monitor BSL, check LDL and trigcly labs, advise exercise and low calorie diet
ADHERENCE is important!
