HF management

Question 1

Common symptoms of HF

Answer 1

SOB
fatigue and weakness
peripheral oedema
rapid or irregular heartbeat
persistent cough with wheezing lung sounds

Question 2

Meds for HF

Answer 2

ACE inhibitor
ARNI/ angiotensin -receptor neprilysin inhibitor
ARBs Aldosterone receptor blockers
Beta adrenergic antagonist
Loop diuretics/ Thiazide diuretics

with AF: cardiac glycoside and anticoagulants
with DM: sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors

Question 3

substance made by the heart, plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis

Answer 3

natriuretic peptides

Question 4

functions of NPs

Answer 4

regulate BP by suppressing RAAS and reducing sympathetic activities
inhibit Na reabsorption in the kidneys causing diuresis, decreased blood volume and BP
removed from the circulation through enzymatic depredation by neprilysin

Question 5

3 peptides of NP

Answer 5

ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide
BNP - b-type natriuretic peptide
CNP - c-type natriuretic peptide

Question 6

is released by the heart when the ventricle is filled with fluids and stretches. Marker for CHF

Answer 6

BNP or B-type natriuretic peptide

Question 7

Pharmacodynamics of ARNI/ angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor

Answer 7

drug contains:

Valsartan - angiotensin II receptor blocker
Sacubitril - blocks neprilysin (enzyme that breaks down NPs)

combined effects can reduce strains of HF