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Pharmacology > Antidysrhythmias > Flashcards

Antidysrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac dysrhythmias indicators:

A

Tachycardia = HR > 100 bpm
Bradycardia = HR < 60 bpm
Fibrillation = irregular heartbeat rhythm

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2
Q

types of dysrhythmias

A

SVT or Supraventricular tachycardia
AF or atrial fibrillation
VT or ventricular tachycardia - ventricles contract even before preload
VF or ventricular fibrillation - ventricles quiver instead of beating (tends to be medical emergency as heart irregularly cannot pump blood to body and heart itself )
Bradyarrythmias - often caused by beta-blockers as it decrease myocardial contractility

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3
Q

pharmacodynamics of adenosine

A

activate adenosine receptors in the myocardium > hyperpolarisation and delayed AV node transmission

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4
Q

adenosine indicators

A

SVT

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5
Q

pharmacodynamics of amiodarone

A

act on K channels to prolong action potential

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6
Q

amiodarone indicators

A

VF
VT
AF with reduce CO

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7
Q

amiodarone adverse effects

A

HTN
bradycardia
QT-interval prolongation
Pulmonary toxicity
visual disturbances
hypothyroidism

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8
Q

nursing considerations for amiodarone

A

use lowest possible dose
regular monitoring of ECG, liver function, visuals and lungs

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9
Q

Pharmacodynamics of atropine

A

blocks parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

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10
Q

atropine indicators

A

severe bradycardia

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11
Q

adverse effects of atropine

A

tachycardia
dry mouth
constipation
blurred vision

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12
Q

may develop into VF (quivering of the ventricles) leading to ineffectual ventricular contraction > inadequate CO which may cause LOC and sudden cardiac death

A

QT prolongation

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13
Q

irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm or arrythmia which can lead to blood clots in the heart

A

AF

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14
Q

AF treatments

A

primary
Warfarin - to decrease clotting factors (AF produces blood clots when blood is not efficiently pumped into the ventricles)
Beta-blockers - reduce ventricular contraction rate > increasing pump efficiency

secondary:
CCBs
digoxin

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15
Q

pharmacodynamics of digoxin

A

chronotropic - slows HR
inotropic - increases myocardial contractility
dromotropic - slows impulses sent through AV node > to squeeze more blood
inhibits Na+ and K+ AT pase pump > increases intracellular Ca

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16
Q

digoxin indicators:

A

HF
cardiogenic shock
AF

17
Q

digoxin toxicity triggers

A

Hypokalaemia
Impaired renal function
GFR impairment

18
Q

digoxin toxicity adverse effects

A

GI - N&V and diarrhoea
Visual - blurred vision, yellow or green vision, halo effect around dark objects
Neurological - headache, drowsiness, confusion and disorientation

19
Q

Nursing considerations for digoxin

A

assess apical pulse before adm digoxin - due to inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic activity of the heart
DO NOT ADM DIGOXIN IF:
Adults = <60 bpm
Children = <70 bpm
Infants = <90 - 110 bpm

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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