Vitamin K Flashcards

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1
Q

three souces of vitamin K

A

phylloquinone (K1)
menaquinone (K2)
menadione (K3)

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2
Q

Phylloquinone (K1) is synthesized from

A

plants

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3
Q

menaquinone (K2) is synthesized from

A

animal sources

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4
Q

menadione (K3) is synthesized from

A

synthetic

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5
Q

vitamin k is destroyed by

A

light and heat

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6
Q

Vitamin K is ______ and requires bile for micelle formation

A

fat soluble

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7
Q

absorption of vitmain K is enhanced by the presence of

A

fat
bile salts
pancreatic juices

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8
Q

phylloquinone (K1) is absorbe in the

A

small intestine (jejun)

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9
Q

menaquinons are synthesized by bacteria in the_____ and absorbed by_____

A

lower digestive tract

passive diffusion

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10
Q

phylloquinone or menaquinone is absorbed better

A

menaquinone

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11
Q

vitamin k is incorporated into____ for transport across tissues

A

chylomicron

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12
Q

once vitamin k is incorporated into chylomicron, its is delivered to:

A

liver

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13
Q

Vitamin K can be incorporated into ____ for transport to extra hepatic tissue

A

VLDL

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14
Q

vitamin k is primarily stored in the

A

liver

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15
Q

the primary function of vitamin k is to :

A

serve as the cofactor for a carboxylase enzyme that catalyzes the g-carboxylation of glutamic acid (Glu) residues on specific proteins

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16
Q

the conversion of Glu residues to g-carboxyglutamate activates these proteins by creating what

A

calcium binding sites

17
Q

g-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues is required for the activation of 7 proteins that regulate what

A

coagulation of blood in the clotting cascade

18
Q

what are the four clotting factors

A

II
VII
IX
X

19
Q

what are the three anticoagulant proteins

A

C
S
Z

20
Q

three vitamin k depends proteins have been identified where

A

bone
cartilage
dentine

21
Q

metabolites of vitamin k are excreted

A

primarily in the feces via bile

22
Q

vitamin k deficiency results in

A

impaired blood clottin

23
Q

symptoms of impaired blood clotting

A

easy bruise, bleeding gums, hematuria, blood in stool, nosebleeds

24
Q

vitamin k deficiency is uncommon in adults for what three reasons

A

vitamin k is widespread in food
the vitamin k cycle conserves vitamin k
bacteria that normal inhabit the LI synthesize menaquinones (K2)

25
Q

greatest risk for deficiency in adults

A

liver disease
fat malabsorptive disorders
chronic antibiotic use

26
Q

why is the risk of deficiency worse in newborns

A
  • vitamin k is no easily transported across placental border
  • newborns intestines are not yet colonized with bacteria that synthesize menaquinones
  • vitamin k cycle is not fully working
  • breast milk has poor vitamin k content
27
Q

vitamin k in infants may result in

A

vitamin k deficiency bleeding - life threatening

28
Q

how is VKDB treated at birth

A

vitamin k shot

29
Q

clinical indication of vitamin k supplementation

A

osteoporosis

atherosclerosis

30
Q

which two are not associated with toxicity
phylloquinone
menaquinone
menadione

A

phylloquinone

menaquinone

31
Q

menadioine may cause

A

liver toxcity and hemolytic anemia

32
Q

vitamin k supplementation should have caution with patients on what drug

A

warfarin (coumadin)

33
Q

why should there be caution on patients taking coumadin

A

coumadin prevents the recycling of vitamin k by inhibiting two important reactions and creating a functional deficiency

34
Q

increasing vitamin k intake _____ action of coumadin

A

inhibits

35
Q

increasing intake of coumadin _____ action of vitamin k

A

inhibits

36
Q

Vitamin _ toxicity has been associated with inhibition of vitamin k absorption

A

vitamin A

37
Q

two metabolites of Vitamin _ have anti- vitamin k activity

A

vitamin E