Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Food & Nutrition 1 > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

____ IS THE MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL IN THE BODY

A

CALCIUM!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

about 99% of calcium in the body is found

A

in the bone and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sources

A 
dairy
seafood
veggies
figs
black strap molasses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ is the most potent inhibitor of calcium absorption and is found at high concentration in spincach and rhybabrb

A

oxalate (oxalic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

calcium is present in foods as relatively insoluble _____

A

salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

calcium can be solubilized at an _____pH

A

acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

absorption of calcium occurs primarily in the SI and

A

two routes

  1. duo and prox jeju
  2. jeju and ile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. absorption through the duodenum and proximal jejunum
A 
cellular
active transport (req ATP)
saturable
involves calcium binding protein
stimulated by 1,25OH and low Ca levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. absorption through the jejunum and ileum
A 
paracellular
passive diffusion- requires no energy
unsaturable
requires no carrier
stim- when high [ ] of Ca intracell and in lumen
stim by FOS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

factors that enhance calcium absorption

A 
growth pregnancy lactation
vitamin d
simple sugars
protein
food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

factors that inhibit calcium absorption

A 
oxalate
phytate
fiber
other divalent cations and minerals
fal maldigestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Calcium is transported across the cytoplasm of the enterocyte bound to

A

CBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

calcium is transported from enterocyte into extracellular fluid by

A

Ca/Na ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

calcium is transported in the blood in three forms

A

free
proteins (albumin)
sulfate, phosphate, citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

calcium levels in the___ and ___ must be maintained within a very narrow concentration range for normal physiological functioning

A

blood and extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extracellular calcium concentration or regulated by

A

PTH
calcitriol
calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

___ plasma calcium levels stimulate PTH secretion and inhibit calcitonin secretion

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PTH and calcitriol _____ plasma calcium

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PTH increases renal synth of calcitriol from ___

A

25-OH vit d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PTH and calcitriol increases renal tubular reabsorption of

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

calcitriol enhances intestinal ____absorption

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PTH and calcitriol stimulate _____ activity

A

osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

high plasma calcium levels stimulate ____ secretion, which _____ serum calcium levels

A

calcitonin, lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

calcitonin secretion inhibits _____activity which stimulates osteoblasts

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
calcitonin inhibits ____ production which decreases calcium absorption and increases calcium excretion in the urine
calcitriol
26
Serum calcium
incr PTH incr calcitriol decr calcitonin
27
bone calcium
decr PTH dec calcitriol incr calcionin
28
renal calcium reabsorption
incre PTH incr calcitriol decr calcitonin
29
intestinal calcium absorption
no effect on PTH incr calcitriol no effect on calcitonin
30
low free calcium concentration are maintained within the ____
cytoplasm
31
calcium is needed in higher concentrations where
in the cells to carry out fxns
32
cell activation by ___, ___ or ___ results in increased calcium entering the cell by diffusion or by the opening of calcium channels
depolarization neurotransmitters hormones
33
calcium is a major structural element in ___ and ___
bone and teeth
34
the mineral component of bone consists mainly of___
hydroxyapatite
35
_____ begin remodeling by dissolving or resorbing bone
osteoclats
36
_____ synthesize new bone to replace the bone that was resorbed
osteoblasts
37
during normal growth, bone formation_____ bone resportion
exceeds
38
_______ may result when bone resorption chronically exceeds formation
osteoporosis
39
functions of calcium
bone mineralization nerve conduction muscle contraction coagulation
40
calcium entering the neuron triggers the release of _____ signalling muscle contraction
acetyl choline
41
when mm fiber receives nerve impulse to contract, calcium channels in the cell membrane _____ to allow a small number of calcium ions into the muscle cell
open
42
the binding of calcium is required for the activation of several ______dependent clotting factors in the coagulation cascade
vitamin k
43
most of the calcium in the blood is filtered and reabsorbed by the ____
kidney
44
calcium is primarily excreted from the body in the
urine and feces (also perspiration a bit)
45
Deficiency of calcium results in
hypocalcemia | osteoporosis
46
T or F calcium deficiency is most common in women over the age of 12, and the elderly
true
47
hypocalcemia usually implies____ and is rarely due to low dietary calcim intake
parathyroid function
48
other causes of hypocalcemia
chronic kidney failure vitamin d deficiency low blood magnesium (usually caused by alcoholism)
49
symptoms of hypocalcemia
tetany and muscle spasm, muscle pain ad parashtesias
50
low seruum calcium levels cause what
muscle spasms
51
why does low serum calcium levels cause muscle spasm
because the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions increases, causing a progressive depolarization, which increases the possibility of generating action potentials
52
tests for hypocalcemia
chvosteks sign | trousseaus sign
53
what is chvosteks sign
abnormal spasm of facial muscle elicited by a light taps on the cheek
54
what is trousseaus sign
the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints flex, the DIP and PIP joints extend and the fingers adduct
55
how do you elicit a trousseaus sign
a blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated for three minutes. this will occlude the artery and in absence of flow the patients hypocalcemia and neuromuscular irritability will induce spasm
56
what is osteoporosis
increase bone fragility and fracture risk
57
chronically ___ calcium intake may result in a failure to attain optimal bone mass
low
58
once peak bone mass is acheived, inadequate __ intake may contribute to osteoporosis
calcium
59
clinical indications for calcium supplementation
osteoporosis | kidney stones
60
_____resulting from the over consumption of calcium from FOOD has never been reported
hypercalcemia
61
hypercalcemia has been reported with consumption of large quantities of ___-
calcium supplements
62
symptoms of mild hypercalcemia include
``` loss of appetite n/v constipation abd pain dry mouth, thirst freq urination ```
63
sever hypercalcemia may result in
confusion delerium coma death
64
increase dietary calcium has been associated with a _____ risk of kidney stones
decreased
65
high calcium may decrease the absorption of
non heme iron | zinc
66
high calcium intake may decrease tissue levels of
mg
67
high __ intake can increase calcium excretion in the urine
sodium

► Food & Nutrition 1 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions