Vitamin E Flashcards

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1
Q

Vitamin E is in how many vitamers

A

8

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2
Q

what are the 8 vitamers of vitamin E

A

4 tocopherol w SATURATED side chains

4 tocotrioenols with UNSATURATED side chains

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3
Q

what carbon is the hydroxyl group of the vitamers attached to

A

C6

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4
Q

_____ has the highest biological activity of all the vitamers

A

alpha tocopherol

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5
Q

_______ is the only form of vitamin E recognized as being able to meed the human requirements

A

alpha tocopherol

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6
Q

the biologically active form and the only form found naturally in humans

A

NATURAL alpha tocopherol (RRR a-tocopherol)

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7
Q

mixture of 8 sterioisomers, which half are not biologically active

A

synthetic alpha tocopherol

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8
Q

sources of vitamin e

A

plant oils
nuts
grains
green veggies

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9
Q

stability of vitamin E

A

oxidized with lengthy exposure to oxygen light or heat

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10
Q

tocopherols are found free in foods but ______ ester forms from supplements require hydrolyzation before absorption

A

synthetic

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11
Q

______ are found esterified in foods and therefore also require hydrolyzation

A

tocotrienols

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12
Q

all forms of vitamin e are ______ and require ____ for micelle formation

A

fat soluble, bile

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13
Q

vitamin E is absorbed primarily in? and how?

A

jejun by passive diffusion

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14
Q

once inside the enterocyte, tocopherols and tocotrienols are incorporated into _____ for ransport

A

chylomicrons

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15
Q

during transport, tocopherons and tocotrienols are transferred among-____

A

lipoproteins

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16
Q

where do we find the highets amounts of vitamin e in circulation

A

lipoproteins

17
Q

chylomicrons bring the remaining vitamin E to the?

A

liver

18
Q

the liver incorporates ____ in VLDLs for recirculation into blood and extraheptic tissus

A

RRR-alpha-tocopherol

19
Q

vitamin e is primarily stored

A

adipose tissue

20
Q

functions of vitamin e

A

antioxidant - fat cells from free radicals

platelet aggregation inhibition ( anti vitamin K activity)

21
Q

the major route of excretion is through

A

the feces via bile

22
Q

consumtion of large amounts of ______ increased requirements of vitamin E

A

PUFAs

23
Q

those who smoke have an _____ vitamin E requirement

A

increased

24
Q

vitamin e deficiency is rare but is seen in

A

people with fat malabsorption issues (cystic fibrosis, choestatic lv dz)

25
Q

clinical indications for vitamin E supplementation

A

heart disease - lowers risk of coronary heart disease

26
Q

alpha tocopherol decreases oxidation of ___ by free radicals

A

LDL

27
Q

g-tocopherol inhibits

A

platelet aggregation

28
Q

alphatocopherol and g tocopherol prevent

A

development of atherosclerotic lesions and lower the risk of coronary heart dz

29
Q

signs of vitamin e toxicity

A

impaired blood coagulation
n/d flatulence
mm weakness fatigue
double vision

30
Q

Vitamin E functions together with ______ as part of antioxidant defense system recycling each others redox activity

A

vitamin c

31
Q

two metabolites of vitamin E have anti _____ activity

A

vitamin k