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► Food & Nutrition 1 > Sodium > Flashcards

Sodium Flashcards

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1
Q

approx 70% of the sodium in the body is located in the,____, 30% is located_____

A

extracellular fluid

bone crystals

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2
Q

primary source of dietary sodium is

A

added salt in the form of NaCl

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3
Q

~75% of dietary sodium is from

A

processed foods

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4
Q

____ % of sodium consumed is absorbed

A

95-100%

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5
Q

absorption of sodium occurs in what three pathways

A

Na/glucose cotransport system
Na/Cl co transport system
electrogenic Na absorption mechanism

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6
Q

Sodium is transported via the

A

Na/K ATPase pump

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7
Q

the Na/K ATPase pump pumps sodium out of the ____ accoss the basolateral membrane into the blood stream

A

enterocyte

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8
Q

functions of sodium

A

maintenance of membrane potential

maintenance of blood volume and blood pressure

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9
Q

sodium is the principle _______ cation

A

extracellular

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10
Q

potssium is the principle ______ cation

A

intracellular

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11
Q

the membrane potential is maintaine by

A

Na/K ATPase pump

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12
Q

tight control of cell membrane potential is critical for

A

nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction
heart function

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13
Q

sodium is the primary determinant of _______ volume

A

extracellular

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14
Q

in the circulatory system, baroreceptors sense changes in blood pressure and send _____ or ______ signals to nervous system and endocrine glands to affect sodium regulation by the kidneys

A

excitatory or inhibitory

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15
Q

serum sodium levels in the blood are maintained by what hormones

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP)

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16
Q

in response to a significant decrease in blood vlume or pressure, the kidneys release _____ into the circulation which produces angiotension I

A

renin

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17
Q

angiotensin I is from _____ in the liver

A

angiotensinogen

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18
Q

angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

19
Q

ACE is located

A

on the inner surface of blood vessels
lungs
liver
kidney

20
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates the ______ of arteriols

A

constriction

21
Q

Angiotensin II is a potent stimulator of

A

aldosterone synthesis

22
Q

aldosterone is produced by the

A

adrenal glands

23
Q

aldosterone is a steroid hormone that acts on the _____ to increase the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium

A

kidneys

24
Q

a significant decrease in blood volume or pressure will stimulate the secretion of

A

ADH

25
Q

ADH acts on the kidneys to do what

A

increase reabsorption of water

26
Q

ANP is secreted by the ____

A

heart muscle cells

27
Q

why is ANP secreted

A

in response to high blood volume

28
Q

what does ANP do

A

increases the glomerular filtration rate

29
Q

what happens when the glomerular filtration rate is increased

A

increasing the excretion of sodium and water

30
Q

ANP inhibits the release of _____

A

renin

31
Q

excess sodium is excreted by the kidneys under the control of ___

A

aldosterone

32
Q

aldosterone is released from the

A

adrenal cortex

33
Q

why is aldosterone released from the adrenal cortex

A

in response to low sodium or high potassium and promotes retention of sodium and excretion of potassium

34
Q

hyponatremia may result from

A

inappropriate ADH secretion
severe/prolonged d/v
excessive/prolonged sweating
use of some diuretics and certain kidney dzs

35
Q

Sx of hyponatremia

A

H/A
n/v
mm cramps
fatigue, weakness, fainting

36
Q

complications of severe and rapidly developing hyponatremia include

A 
cerebral edema
seizures
coma
brain damage
death
37
Q

clinical indications for sodium supplementation

A

electrolyte replenishment

38
Q

excessive intake os sodium chloride lead to an increase in _____fluid volume

A

extracellular

39
Q

excessive sodium intake can cause

A

n/v/d

abd cramping

40
Q

hypernatremia symptoms

A

dizzy
faining
low BP
oliguria

41
Q

severe hypernatremia may result in

A 
edema
hypertension
tachycardia
dyspnea
convulsions
coma
death
42
Q

high ____ intake increases urinary sodium excretion and protects against the hypertensive effects of sodium

A

potassium

43
Q

high sodium intake can increase urinary _____ excretion

A

calcium

► Food & Nutrition 1 (21 decks)

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