Copper Flashcards
copper is found in the body in what two states
Cu1+ Cu2+
copper sources include
organ meats, shellfish, whole grain, nuts, seeds
copper is bound to organic substances in food and is release in the ___ by hydrochloric acid and pepsin
ST
copper is release into the SI by
proteolytic enzymes
prior to being absorbed, most Cu2+ is reduced to Cu1+ by
copper reductase
copper is mostly absorbed in the SI in what two pathways
active carrier mediated transporters (CTR1) and DMT 1
non saturable passive diffusion
factors that enhance copper absorption
a.a’s : histidine, and sulfer containing aa’s
organic acids: hydrochloric, citric, lactic, acetic, malic
low copper status
factors that inhibit copper absorption
phytates
vitamin c
other minerals :Zn Fe, Mb, Ca, K
hypochlorhydria or excessive use of antacids
once absorbed, the intestinal cell can do what three things with copper
used by enterocyte
stored in enterocyte (for use or elim at metallothionin)
transported through cytosol to enter circulation
copper enters the blood from enterocytes bound primarily to___
albumin
copper is first brought to the
liver
in the liver copper binds to____ and then is transferred to ceruloplasmin for transport to ther tissues
metallothionein
copper concentrates primarily in the
liver brain kidney
copper is stored bound to various proteins, primarily_____
metallothionine
functions of copper
cofactor in various copper dependent enzymes
angiogenesis
production of neutrophils