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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

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1
Q

are an objective
measurement of the essential
physiological functions of a human
being.

A

Vital signs

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2
Q

include heart rate, respiration
(breathing rate), blood pressure, and
temperature.

A

Vital signs

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3
Q

e - is the
temperature of the deep tissues
of the body and is relatively
constant.

A

Core Temperature

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4
Q
  • is the
    temperature of the skin,
    subcutaneous and fat.
A

Surface Temperature

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5
Q
  1. Basal Metabolic Rate
  2. Muscle Activity
  3. Thyroxine Output
  4. Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and
    Sympathetic Stimulation
  5. Fever
A

Factors that affect heat production of the body

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6
Q
  1. Radiation
  2. Nonduction
  3. Convection
  4. Evaporation
A

Factors that affect heat loss

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7
Q

● The Normal Range of body temperature
is

A

36.5-37.5 C

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8
Q

temperature below 36 C

A

Hypothermia

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9
Q

temperature between 37.5-39.5 C

A

Pyrexia, Hyperthermia, Fever

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10
Q

temperature above 41 C

A

Hyperpyrexia-

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11
Q

is the wave of blood created by
the Left Ventricle of the heart expressed
as BPM.

A

Pulse

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12
Q

The normal range for cardiac output is
about

A

4-8 liters per minute

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13
Q

This site is superior and
lateral to the eye. It is used when the
radial pulse is not accessible

A

. Temporal

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14
Q

t the side which is located at
the side of the neck where the carotid
artery runs between the trachea and the
sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is used
during cardiac arrest or shock in adults,
and it is also used to determine
circulation to the brain.

A

Carotid

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15
Q

This is located at the apex of
the heart or at the point of maximal
impulse. The apical is routinely used for
infants and children up to 3 years of
age. It is used to determine
discrepancies with radial pulse and it is
received in conjunction with some
medications, so for example you will be
giving your Digitalis or Lanoxin, you
need to check the apical pulse of the
client.

A

Apical

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16
Q

The site is at the inner
aspect of the biceps muscle of the arm
or medially in the antecubital space.
Brachial pulse is used to measure blood
pressure, this is also used during cardiac
assessment or cardiac arrest for infants.

A

. Brachial

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17
Q

It is located where the radial
artery runs along the radial bone, on the thumb side of the inner aspect of the
wrist. We commonly assess the pulse
rate of our patient at the radial pulse
site, this is readily accessible.

A

. Radial

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18
Q

It is located where the
femoral artery passes alongside the
inguinal ligament. It is used in cases of
cardiac arrest or shock, it is also used to
determine circulation to the leg

A

Femoral

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19
Q
  • It is located at the area
    where the popliteal artery passes behind
    the knee. This is used to determine
    circulation to the lower leg
A

Popliteal

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20
Q

t is located on the
medial surface of the ankle where the
posterior tibial artery passes behind the
medial malleolus. It is used to
determine circulation to the foot

A

Posterior Tibial -

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21
Q
  • It is located where the
    dorsalis artery passes over the bones of
    the foot, on an imaginary line drawn
    from the middle of the ankle to the
    space between the big and the second
    toes. The dorsalis pedis is used to
    determine circulation to the foot.
A

Dorsalis Pedis -

22
Q
  • more than 100
    beats per minute in an adult
A

Tachycardia

23
Q
  • less than 60 beats
    per minute in an adult
A

Bradycardia

24
Q
  • A pulse with an
    irregular rhythm is referred to as
A

dysrhythmia or arrhythmia.

25
Q

It may
consist of random irregular beats
or a predictable pattern of
irregular beats.

A

○ Regularly Irregular

26
Q
  • force of blood with each
    beat
A

Pulse Volume (Pulse strength /
amplitude)

27
Q

A forceful or
full blood volume that is
obliterated only with difficulty.

A

Full bounding pulse

28
Q
  • mode of breathing
    that requires contraction of intercostal
    muscles, as the intercostal muscles
    relax, air passively leaves the lungs. This
    type of breathing is also known as
    Shallow Breathing.
A

Costal / Thoracic

29
Q
  • mode of breathing
    that requires the diaphragm to contract
    and as the diaphragm relaxes, air
    passively leaves the lungs. This type of
    breathing is also known as Deep
    Breathing
A

Diaphragmatic

30
Q
  • normal rate and depth of
    breathing
A

Eupnea

31
Q
  • abnormally fast breathing
A

Tachypnea

32
Q
  • abnormally slow
    breathing
A

. Bradypnea -

33
Q
  • the absence of breathing
A

Apnea

34
Q

difficult and labored
breathing

A

Dyspnea -

35
Q
  • ability to reach only in
    upright sitting or standing position
A

Orthopnea

36
Q

can be established by
watching the movement of the chest
and can be described as normal, deep
or shallow. You only need to observe the
rise and fall during ventilation or
breathing.

A

Depth -

37
Q

can be described as regular
or irregular. Normal respirations are
evenly spaced, normal breathing is also
silent and children’s respiration may be
less regular than adults. Observe
whether it is evenly spaced is
considered regular, if it is unevenly
spaced it is considered irregular

A

Rhythm -

38
Q

can be described as normal,
effortless breathing or labored
breathing.

A

Quality

39
Q

over-expansion of
the lungs characterized by rapid and
deep breaths.

A

Hyperventilation -

40
Q

under-expansion of
the lungs, characterized by shallow
respirations.

A

Hypoventilation

41
Q
  • a shrill, harsh sound heard
    during inspiration.
A

Stridor

42
Q

continuous, high-pitched
musical whistling sound occurring on
expiration.

A

Wheeze

43
Q

snoring respiration.

A

Stertor -

44
Q

gurgling sounds heard as air
passes through moist secretions in the
respiratory tract

A

Crackles

45
Q
  • signs that the body does not
    receive enough air which cause increased
    effort during inhalation
A

Retractions

46
Q

indrawing
between the ribs.

A

Intercostal Retraction

47
Q
  • indrawing
    between the breastbone.
A

Substernal Retraction

48
Q
  • indrawing
    above the sternum.
A

Suprasternal Retraction

49
Q

the presence of blood in
the sputum.

A

Hemoptysis

50
Q

a cough
accompanied by expectorated
secretions.

A

Productive Cough -

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (32 decks)

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