Body Mechanics

Question 1

involves the coordinated effort of muscles,
bones, and the nervous system to maintain balance,
posture, and alignment during moving, transferring, and
positioning patients.

Answer 1

Body mechanics

Question 2

The wider the base of
support,

Answer 2

the greater the
stability.

Question 3

The lower the center of
gravity,

Answer 3

the greater the
stability.

Question 4

The equilibrium of an
object is maintained as long
as the

Answer 4

line of gravity passes
through its base of support.

Question 5

Facing the
_______ __ ______ prevents
abnormal twisting of
the spine.

Answer 5

direction of
movement

Question 6

e. Dividing balanced activity
between ____ __ ___ reduces
the risk of back injury.

Answer 6

arms and legs

Question 7

It is easier to pull, push, or
roll an object than it is to ____

Answer 7

lift it

Question 8

Movements should be smooth
and coordinated rather than

Answer 8

jerky

Question 9

requires
coordinated muscle activity and
neurologic integration.

Answer 9

Body movement

Question 10

Body Movement requires four basic elements

Answer 10

Body alignment (posture)

Joint mobility

Balance

Coordinated movement

Question 11

bring body
parts into position in a
manner that promotes
optimal balance and
maximal body function
whether the client is
standing, sitting, or lying
down.

Answer 11

Proper body alignment
and posture

Question 12

is the maximum movement
that is possible for that joint.
ROM varies from individual to
individual and is determined by
genetic makeup, developmental
patterns, the presence or
absence of disease, and the
amount of physical activity in
which the person normally
engages.

Answer 12

Range of motion (ROM) of a
joint

Question 13

The mechanisms involved in maintaining
_____ and _____ are complex and
involve informational inputs from the
labyrinth (inner ear), from vision
(vestibulo-ocular input), and from stretch
receptors of muscles and tendons
(vestibulospinal input). Mechanisms of
equilibrium respond frequently without
awareness.

Answer 13

balance and posture

Question 14

is the term used to describe
awareness of posture, movement, and
changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of
position, weight, and resistance of objects in
relation to the body.

Answer 14

Proprioception

Question 15

is the result of proper
functioning of the cerebral cortex,
cerebellum, and basal ganglia.

Answer 15

Balanced, smooth, purposeful
movement

Question 16

The ______ ______ initiates voluntary
movement,

Answer 16

cerebral cortex

Question 17

the ____________ coordinates
motor activity

Answer 17

cerebellum

Question 18

maintain posture.

Answer 18

basal ganglia

Question 19

(dynamic)
exercises are those in which
the muscle shortens to
produce muscle contraction
and active movement.

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

TRUE OF FALSE? During isotonic exercise, both
heart rate and cardiac output
quicken to increase blood flow
to all parts of the body.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Example of Isotonic Exercises

Answer 21

walking, running, hiking, swimming, skiing, and dancing

Question 22

exercises are those
in which there is muscle
contraction without moving
the joint (muscle length does
not change).

Answer 22

Isometric (static or
setting)

Question 23

are useful
for strengthening abdominal,
gluteal, and quadriceps
muscles used for walking;
strengthening muscles
immobilized in casts or by
traction; and for endurance
training. (glute bridge, plank pose, wall sit, side plank pose)

Answer 23

Isometric exercises

Question 24

(resistive)
exercises involve
muscle contraction or
tension against
resistance.

exercises are
done for physical
conditioning and to
build up certain muscle
groups.

Answer 24

Isokinetic (resistive)

Question 25

is activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in the body is greater than that used to perform the activity.

Answer 25

Aerobic Exercises

Question 26

involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw enough oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time. This type of exercise is used in endurance training for athletes, such as weight lifting and sprinting.

Answer 26

Anaerobic exercise

Question 27

Growth and development Nutrition Personal values and attitudes Certain external factors (such as temperature, humidity, availability of recreational facilities, and safety of the neighborhood) Prescribed limitations (such as casts, braces, traction, and activity restrictions, including bed rest)

Answer 27

Factors that affect an individual’s body alignment, mobility, and daily activity level:

Question 28

Assessment relative to a client’s activity and exercise should include:

Answer 28

Nursing history Physical examination of body alignment, gait, appearance and movement of joints, capabilities and limitations for movement, muscle mass and strength, activity tolerance, problems related to immobility, and physical fitness.

Question 29

If the client indicates a recent pattern of change, a more detailed history should include:

Answer 29

The specific nature of the problem When it first began Frequency Causes, if known How the problem affects daily living What the client is doing to cope with the problem Whether these methods have been successful

Question 30

Activity Intolerance Risk for Activity Intolerance Impaired Physical Mobility Sedentary Lifestyle Risk for Disuse Syndrome

Answer 30

For activity and exercise problems:

Question 31

Fear (of falling) Ineffective Coping Situational Low Self-Esteem Powerlessness Risk for Falls Self-Care Deficit

Answer 31

Impaired Physical Mobility becomes the etiology of other diagnoses:

Question 32

Ineffective Airway Clearance Risk for Infection Risk for Injury Risk for Disturbed Sleep Pattern Risk for Situational Low Self-Esteem

Answer 32

Prolonged immobility may lead to:

Question 33

When a nurse assists a person to move, _______ ________ __________need to be employed so that the nurse is not injured.

Answer 33

correct body mechanics

Question 34

Before moving a client,

Answer 34

assess the degree of exertion permitted, the client’s physical abilities

Question 35

If indicated, use ____________________ prior to moving the client.

Answer 35

pain relief modalities or medication

Question 36

Prepare any needed

Answer 36

assistive devices and supportive equipment(e.g., pillows, trochanter roll).

Question 37

______________________ such as an IV or heavy cast.

Answer 37

Plan around encumbrances to movement

Question 38

_______ _______ ___________ __________ the client takes that may impair alertness, balance, strength, or mobility.

Answer 38

Be alert to the effects of any medications

Question 39

Assess for ________________________________________ and return the client to the supine position if necessary

Answer 39

signs and symptoms of postural (orthostatic) hypotension

Question 40

Active ROM exercises are

Answer 40

isotonic exercises

Question 41

The client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over the joint.

Answer 41

Active ROM exercises

Question 42

Another person moves each of the client’s joints through its complete range of movement

Answer 42

Passive ROM

Question 43

The client uses a stronger, opposite arm or leg to move each of the joints of a limb incapable of active motion. The client learns to support and move the weak arm or leg with the strong arm or leg as far as possible. Then the nurse continues the movement passively to its maximal degree. Such exercise is especially useful for stroke clients who have had a stroke and are hemiplegic (paralyzed on one-half of the body).

Answer 43

During active-assistive ROM exercises:

Question 44

1. Lower the bed and ensure that brakes are applied. Place the wheelchair next to the bed at a _________ angle and apply brakes. If a patient has weakness on one side, place the wheelchair on the strong side.

Answer 44

45 degree

Question 45

After moving the client,

Answer 45

determine and document the client’s comfort (presence of anxiety, dizziness, or pain), body alignment, tolerance of the activity (e.g., check pulse rate, blood pressure), ability to assist, use of support devices, and safety precautions required (e.g., side rails).

Question 46

When assisting the client with transferring, ______ ________ _________, including the client’s ability to bear weight and pivot, number of staffs needed for transfer, length of time up in chair, and client response to transfer.

Answer 46

document relevant information,

Question 47

When assisting the client with ambulation,

Answer 47

document distance and duration of ambulation

Question 48

Include a description of the client’s ___ (including body alignment) when walking; pace; activity tolerance when walking

Answer 48

gait

Question 49

__________ _____________ ___________________after initial ambulation to compare with baseline data.

Answer 49

degree of support required; and respiratory rate and blood pressure

Question 50

are essential components for maintaining and regaining health and wellness.

Answer 50

Exercise and activity

Question 51

Body movement involves four basic elements:

Answer 51

body alignment, joint mobility, balance, and coordinated movement.

Question 52

is the type and amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects.

Answer 52

Activity tolerance

Question 53

is the ability to do work.

Answer 53

Functional strength

Question 54

Before positioning dependent clients, the nurse should

Answer 54

plan a systematic 24-hour schedule for position changes,

Question 55

TRUE OF FALSE? The nurse can assist clients to prepare for ambulation by helping them become as independent as possible while in bed.

Answer 55

TRUE