FON SKILLS REVIEW Flashcards
head lice
pediculosis
- Brittle Hair (sign) (too much cortisol)
Cushing’s Syndrome -
(when cell-damaging free radicals
inhibit the body’s repair processes) may affect
pigment-producing cells
Oxidative stress (
washing of the hair and scalp of the
patient in bed
BED SHAMPOO
awaken in the morning; providing a
urinal or bedpan to the client confined to bed, washing the face
and hands, and giving oral care
EARLY MORNING CARE
after breakfast; elimination needs, a bath or
shower, perineal care, back massages, and oral, nail, and hair
care. Making the client’s bed is part of morning care
MORNING CARE -
before they retire for the
night
. HOUR OF SLEEP OR PM CARE
- cleaning and providing hygienic care to clients in bed
- stimulates circulation
bed bath n ( dilates superficial arterioles)
- are given chiefly for hygiene purposes and
include these types:
CLEANSING BATHS
The nurse washes the entire body of
a dependent client in bed.
COMPLETE BED BATH
Clients confined to bed are able to
bathe themselves with help from the nurse for washing the
back and perhaps the feet
SELF-HELP BED BATH
- Only the parts of the
client’s body that might cause discomfort or odor; the face,
hands, axillae, perineal area, and back.
➔ PARTIAL BATH (abbreviated bath)
- a commercially prepared product that contains 10
to 12 presoaked disposable washcloths; warmed in a
microwave
BAG BATH
large towel that has been soaked with warm
water and no-rinse soap.
TOWEL BATH.
- preferred to bed baths because it is easier to
wash and rinse in a tub
➔ SPONGE BATHS - for th
Tub Bath
for the newborn
sponge bath
- Many ambulatory clients are able to use shower
facilities and require only minimal assistance from the nurse
shower
are given for physical
effects; taken in a tub one third or one half full. The client remains
in the bath for a designated time,
Therapeutic Baths (20 to 30mins)
retains water and heat better than a
cloth loosely held
MAKING A BATH MITT
1) Lay your hand on the washcloth;(2) fold the top corner over your
hand; (3, 4) fold the side corners over your hand; (5) tuck the second
corner under the cloth on the palmar side to secure the mitt
Triangular method
Lay your hand on the wash-cloth and fold one side over your
hand; (2) fold the sec-ond side over your hand; (3) fold the top of the
cloth down; and (4) tuck it under the folded side against your palm to
secure the mitt
. Rectangular Method
S - wipe from inner to outer
CLEANING THE EYES
CHECKING FOR BROKEN SKIN
bony prominences
- comes from the Arabic word “mass” denoting “to
press”; rubbing kneading someone’s body with the hands to
relieve tension and pain; increasing superficial circulation to the
area.
MASSAGE
Allows sweat glands, hair follicles and
sebaceous glands to be free of obstruction and function
better
- MECHANICA
Improves vital signs; Dilation of
minute superficial blood vessels leading to a flush (redness)
around the area
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
releases ENDORPHINS (happy
hormone
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Muscle relaxation
MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTE
Positive effects on psychological
well-being
PHYSIOLOGICAL
Tissue inflammation or malignancy, Circulatory disorders
(bleeding tendency), Skin disorders, Unhealed scars
CONTRAINDICATIONS of MASSAGE
INDICATIONS for MASSAGE
- Spasm-relief, Mild muscle aches, Tired body
- An uninterrupted gliding stroke; intended to
warm the muscle and prepare it for a deeper muscular activity
EFFLEURAGE
- Hand
constantly in contact w/ skin Even pressure across Hand
Ideally move proximally Works through ascending pathways
(relieves pain and gives relaxation)
OPEN - PALM (one hand or two-hand stroke)
Reaches deeper muscle
CLOSED PALM / FIST (deeper stroke than open-palm) -
squeeze kneading the tissue between your
thumb and fingers and passing it back and forth
PETRISSAGE
- means to TAP in order to stimulate nerves,
muscles, and circulation
TAPOTEMENT
- “percussive stroke” ; Cup your hands and trap
air underneath your hands. Ideal in upper thoracic area or
upper back for respiratory problems
CUPPING
Striking the tissue with the ulnar part of
the hand
ULNAR HACKING -
- draw all fingers together to make a
specific points stimulate a tissue
POINT - HACKING
Used on large muscles like glutes and
hamstrings It’s like pounding on the muscle
BEATING
placing one hand and putting the other hand on
top of the other and doing rocking, shaking, or trembling
movements; This can be done slowly or rapidly
VIBRATION
- is the washing of the perineal, genital, and rectal areas; must be
done during bed bath, or separately, at least once a day
PERINEAL – GENITAL CARE
PURPOSES of perineal care
● PURPOSES:
1. To remove normal perineal secretions and odors
2. To prevent / eliminate infection, nd promote healing
3. To promote client comfort
art of making a clean bed w/c will contribute to rest
7 for a sense of comfort
BED MAKING
BONY PROMINENCES
- susceptible to skin pressure; ear,
shoulder, trochanter, ankle, kne
- techniques which maximize patient
comfort and dignity.
Positioning and draping
deliberate placement of the patient or body part/s to
promote physiological and psychological well-being.
● Importance of Effective Positioning
- Increases function, Decreases edema, Prevents pressure
sores
Positioning -
placing a paper or cloth covering over a patient’s body
during medical examination or treatment designed to provide
privacy or create a sterile operative field.
Draping
Importance of Effective Draping
Promotes privacy and modesty, Prevents inadvertent soiling
The head and body is held in an upright
position
Erect Position
to determine the presence of
prolapsed uterus
For vaginal examination
Back lying position;
head and shoulders are not elevated.
➔ Indication: Examination of head to peripheral pulses
Supine or Dorsal Position (Horizontal) -
Back lying position; head and
shoulders are slightly elevated on a small pillow.
➔ Indications: For vaginal examination, digital rectal
examination (DRE), pelvic examination, and catheterization
Dorsal Recumbent Position
- Back-lying position with feet supported
in stirrups: The hips should be in line with the edge of the table.
➔ Indications: cystoscopic examination, vaginal delivery, and
operations and examinations on the perineum, vagina, cervix,
bladder, and rectum
Lithotomy Position -
- The patient assumes a posture halfway
between lateral and prone position.
A. Unconscious patients – facilitate drainage from the mouth and
prevent aspiration of fluids.
B. Paralyzed patients – reduces pressure over the sacrum and
greater trochanter of the hips.
C. Patients receiving enemas
D. Patients undergoing treatment and/or examination of the
perineal area
E. Pregnant women – comfortable for sleeping
. Sims Position
The patient lies on the abdomen with head
turned to one side; the hips are not flexed.
➔ Indications: Allows full extension of the hip and knee joints;
Useful for patients who are unconscious or those who are
recovering from surgery of the mouth and throat
Prone Position
bed position wherein the head and trunk
are raised 15 to 90 degrees; Using footboard is recommended
➔ Indications:
A. DOB – because gravity pulls the diaphragm downward allowing
greater chest and lung expansion
Fowler’s Position
– 15 degrees
LOW FOWLERS
45 degrees
. SEMI FOWLER’S POSITION
– 90 degrees
HIGH FOWLERS
B. Patients with cardiac, respiratory and neurological problems
C. Patients with nasogastric tube (NGT) in place
D. Helps prevent foot drop
iii. HIGH FOWLERS –
- Involves lowering the
head of the bed and raising the foot of the bed.
➔ Indication: For hypotension – promotes venous return
Trendelenburg Position (T-Position)
Opposite of Trendelenburg Position; The head of the bed is
elevated with the foot of the bed down
➔ Indication: for patients with gastrointestinal problem to
minimize esophageal reflux.
Reverse Trendelenburg Position (Reverse T-Position) -
- A prone posture resting on the knees and upper part of the chest;
For gynecologic or rectal examination; The head is turned to one
side and the arms are flexed so that the upper part of the body can
be supported in part by the elbows.
Genupectoral (Knee-chest) Position
A. Displacement of a prolapsed fundus
B. Dislodgement of the imparted head of a fetus
C. Management of transverse presentation
D. Replacement of a retroverted uterus or displaced ovar
Genupectoral (Knee-chest) Position ndications
The patient lies on one side of
the body with the top leg in front of the bottom leg and the top
hip and knee flexed.
➔ Indications: Reduces lordosis, Promotes good back alignment
Lateral Position (Side-lying)
Place the patient in a sitting
position or on the side of the bed with an overbed table in front
to lean on and several pillows on the table to rest on
➔ Indication: DOB - allows maximum expansion of the chest.
● We change the patient’s position according to the medical
standard: “Change every two hours.”
● Standard positions include: Supine, prone, side-lying,
semi-fowlers, and sitting/erect.
Nursing Information System (Lecturer: Mr. Bechayda)
