Health and Illness and Levels of Care

Question 1

As nurses, we have to realize that our understanding of largely determines the scope and nature of nursing practice.

Answer 1

health, wellness,
and illness

Question 2

is an important component of nursing
practice. It is a way of thinking that revolves around a
philosophy of wholeness, wellness, and well-being.

Answer 2

Health Promotion

Question 3

There are three (3) different levels of health care system which
are

Answer 3

primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Question 4

The absence of disease

Answer 4

(Traditional Definition)

Question 5

A state of being well and using
every power the individual
possesses to the fullest extent.

Answer 5

Florence Nightingale
(1860/1969)

Question 6

A state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being, and
not merely the absence of disease

or infirmity.

(definition reflects concern for the
individual as a total person functioning

physically,

psychologically and socially)

Answer 6

World Health Organization
(WHO) (1948)

Question 7

Health is the ability to maintain

normal roles.

(defined in terms of role and performance)

Answer 7

Talcott Parsons (1951)

Question 8

Health is not a condition; it is an
adjustment. It is not a state but a
process. The process adapts the
individual not only to our physical but
also our social environments.

Answer 8

US Commission on Health
Needs of the Nation (1953)

Health is not a condition; it is an
adjustment. It is not a state but a
process. The process adapts the

Question 9

Health and illness are human
experiences. The presence of illness
does not preclude health, nor does
optimal health preclude illness.

Answer 9

American Nurses
Association (2010)

Health and illness are human
experiences. The presence of illness
does not preclude health, nor does

Question 10

*Nurses assess and plan
health care for the
three types of
clients:

Answer 10

1. Individual
2. The family
3. The community

Question 11

Comes from the Latin
word, which
means ‘to suffer’
 Defined as ‘one
who suffers’

Answer 11

patior,

Question 12

Comes from the Latin
word, , which
means ‘to lean’
 Defined as ‘one
who is the recipient
of a professional service’

Answer 12

clinare

Question 13

Family is the basic unit of society. It consists
of those individuals, male or female, youth or
adult, legally or not legally related, genetically
or not genetically related, who are considered
by the others to represent their significant
people.

Answer 13

Family

Question 14

Nursing that
considers the health of the family as a unit in
addition to the health of individual family
members.

Answer 14

Family-centered nursing:

Question 15

• Family structure of parents and their offspring.

Answer 15

Nuclear Family

Question 16

• Relatives of nuclear families (grandparents,
  aunts, uncles)

Answer 16

Extended Family

Question 17

• Independent unit in which parents reside in
  the home with their children (mother-nurturing

Answer 17

Traditional Family

Question 18

• Both partners are employed; they may or may
  not have children

Answer 18

Two-Career Family

Question 19

• Single-parent household due to death,
  separation, divorce, birth of a child to an
  unmarried woman, adoption by a single
  mother/father

Answer 19

Single Parent Family

Question 20

Young parents are often
developmentally, physically, emotionally,
and financially ill-prepared to undertake
the responsibility of parenthood

Answer 20

Adolescent Family

Question 21

Children placed in foster homes that
legally agreed to care for them
temporarily due to social issues or as legal
preparation before being returned to
original birth parents or being legally
adopted by other parents

Answer 21

Foster Family

Question 22

• Existing family units who join together to
  form new families

Answer 22

Blended or Step Family

Question 23

• More than two generations live together
• Children continue to live with parents or
  grandparents may live in children’s own
  families

Answer 23

Intragenerational Family

Question 24

Consists of unrelated individuals or
families who live under one roof

Answer 24

Cohabiting family

Question 25

* Homosexual adults from gay and lesbian families based on the same goals of caring and commitment seen in heterosexual relationships

Answer 25

Gay and Lesbian Family

Question 26

Singles include young self-supporting adults who have recently left the nuclear family as well as older adults living alone

Answer 26

Single Adults Living Alone

Question 27

* According to , Family Systems Theory is a theory of human behavior that defines the family unit as a complex social system in which members interact to influence each other's behavior.

Answer 27

Murray Bowen

Question 28

* Focuses on family structure and function. * The structural component of the theory addresses the membership of the family and the relationships among family members.

Answer 28

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL THEORY

Question 29

* The functional aspect of the theory examines the effects of

Answer 29

of intra-family relationships

Question 30

can be used to measure an individual’s perceived level of wellness. Health and illness or disease can be viewed as the opposite ends of a health continuum.

Answer 30

* Health–Illness Continua

Question 31

* Protected poor health in a favorable environment * High-level wellness in a favorable environment * Emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment * Poor health in an unfavorable environment

Answer 31

Dunn’s High-level Wellness Grid

Question 32

Arrows pointing in opposite directions and joined at a neutral point

Answer 32

Travis’s Illness–Wellness Continuum

Question 33

is a highly personal state in which the individual’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished. It is not synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to disease. Illness is highly subjective. Only the individual can say he or she is ill.

Answer 33

* Illness

Question 34

can be described as an alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span.

Answer 34

* Disease

Question 35

is typically characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration.

Answer 35

Acute illness

Question 36

Parsons (1979) described four aspects of the sick role:

Answer 36

1. Clients are not held responsible for their condition. 2. Clients are excused from certain social roles and tasks. 3. Clients are obligated to try to get well as quickly as possible. 4. Clients or their families are obligated to seek competent help.

Question 37

The kind of effect and its extent depend chiefly on three factors:

Answer 37

1. The member of the family who is ill; 2. The seriousness and length of the illness; and 3. The cultural and social customs the family follows.

Question 38

I. Two (2) LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS

Answer 38

Intermediate Health Workers: 2. Village/Barangay Health Workers

Question 39

Devolved to the cities and municipalities * The first contact between community people and different levels of health facility * Health care provided by health center staff

Answer 39

PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE

Question 40

Rendered by physicians with basic health training in district provincial and city hospitals * Capable of basic surgical procedures and simple laboratory examinations * Serves as referral center of primary health facilities

Answer 40

SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE

Question 41

* Rendered by specialists in medical centers, regional hospitals, and specialized hospitals * Serves as referral center of secondary health facilities Health promotion focuses on the prevention of health risk factors towards healthy individuals, family, environment.

Answer 41

TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE

Question 42

* Focuses on health promotion, protection against specific health problems * Examples include immunization and taking regular exercise

Answer 42

1. Primary

Question 43

* Focuses on early identification and prompt intervention for health problems * Examples include screening for high blood pressure and breast self- examination.

Answer 43

2. Secondary

Question 44

* Focuses on restoration and rehabilitation * Goal is to return individual to optimal level of functioning * At this level, health services workers can work to retrain, reeducate, and rehabilitate people who have already developed an impairment or disability

Answer 44

3. Tertiary