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Neuroscience > Visual System > Flashcards

Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

uvea

A

the apparatus of ciliary body and iris

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2
Q

retinal pigment epithelium fxn? layer?

A

instrumental in the health of the retina. without it the retina dies (i.e. retinal detachment)
layer 1

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3
Q

optic disk

A

where gangion cell axons collect to form the optic nerve; blind spot

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4
Q

macula lutea

A
  • contains the FOVEA,
  • most ACUTE vision.
  • it is YELLOW
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5
Q

where does the optic nerve come from

A

developmentally the optic cup comes from the diencephalon

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6
Q

review: where does the lens come from?

A

the ectoderm.

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7
Q

whats layer 2

A

Rods and cones

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8
Q

rods and cones project to?

A

horizontal and bipolar cell

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9
Q

what do horizontal cells connect to

A
  • other rods/cones.
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10
Q

what do bipolar cells connect to

A

rods/ cones ==> amacrine cell and gangion cell

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11
Q

amacrine cells connect to

A

bipolar cells and ganglion cells

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12
Q

where are the nuclei of rods and cones

A

in the outer nuclear layer (layer 4)

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13
Q

where do the synapses between bipolar cell and rods/cones

A

outer plexiform layer (layer 5)

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14
Q

where are bipolar cell bodies

A

inner nuclear layer (layer 6)

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15
Q

where bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cell

A

inner plexiform layer (layer 7)

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16
Q

where the banblion cell body is

A

ganglion cell layer (layer 8)

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17
Q

optic disk is ALWAYS ___ to fovea

A

medial

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18
Q

are there retinal layers in fovea?

A

not really. there are only cones here, and the cones have a 1:1 relationship with bipolar cells…. the info basically goes directly to the photoreceptor layer of the eye. theres a lot LESS convergence

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19
Q

scotopic vision is

A

low light vision

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20
Q

photopic vision is

A

best acuity becuase the cones are taking over, and rod saturation is present

21
Q

what portion of the retinal information goes over to the right lateral geniculate nucleus

A

right lateral geniculate nucleus gets info from the temporal half of the R retina AND the nasal portion of the L retina

22
Q

optic tract gets blood from?

lesion is called?

A

anterior choroidal artery. lesion is homonymous defect

23
Q

4 arteries of optic radiations

A

PCA deep branches, anterior choroidal, MCA inferior division, PCA

24
Q

first two layers of lateral geniculate nucleus

A

magnocellular layrs, receive input from retinal ganglion from M cells; LARGE receptive fields that are FAST conducting, info relating to MOTION

25
Q

last four layers of lateral geniculate layers

A

parvocellular layers get input from retinal ganglion p cells and have SMALL receptive fields and COLOR info (cones)

26
Q

what layers of lateral geniculate layers are for CONTRALATERAL eye

A

contralateral=1,4,6

27
Q

each point in visual space is mapped….

A

6 times in the LGN

28
Q

line of gennari

A

axons that form a line in layer 4 of the cortex… primarily in layer 4C
THIS IS ONLY IN BRODMAN AREA 17

29
Q

layer 4C alpha gets info from

A

M cells (magnocellular)

30
Q

layer 4C beta gets info from

A 
P cells (parvocellular)
Crunchy Peanut Butter ==>4Cbeta=Pcells
31
Q

striate cortex

A

the special name for the primary visual cortex

32
Q

akinetopsia

A

a lesion to the WHERE stream; its the inferior temporal part; related to color and form. problem recognizing faces, color

33
Q

which brodman areas have V3, V4, V5

A

18 and 19

34
Q

functional columns of the striate cortex

A

they all respond to a BAR of light with the same angle. this is called orientation columns; they are also organized by blobs and ocular dominance columns (R vs L)

35
Q

scotoma

A

little blind SPOTS that you can get from diabetes. you probably won’t even know that you have them unless you get a visual field test done

36
Q

monocular visual loss

A

total transection of the optic nerve; total loss of the visual field in one eye

37
Q

bitemporal hemianopia

A

loss of the nasal portions of bilateral retinas; you lose the temporal visual field in both eyes; this is a lesion of the optic chiasm

38
Q

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

A

loss of the same half of the visual field in each eye; loss of optic tract or a total transection of the optic radiation

39
Q

contralateral superior quadrantopia

A

lesion of meyer’s loop; loss of upper quarter of visual field in both eyes (same side in both eyes); pie in the sky

40
Q

contralateral inferior quadrantopia

A

pie on the floor; loss of superior portion of the optic radiation; loss of lower quarter of visual field in both eyes, (same side in both eyes)

41
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize FACES; especially a lesion to the right side; inferior occipital gyrus, middle fusiform gyrus; PCA

42
Q

capgras syndrome

A

don’t have the EMOTIONALtie to the visual tie; problem connecting to the AMYGDALA; it looks like your parent, it looks like someone you know, but you deny that its your parent because you just don’t have that connection

43
Q

achromaatopsia

A

damage to area V4 (area 19) partial or complete loss of color vision. the WHAT stream

44
Q

left hemineglect lesion

A

right parietal region

45
Q

balint syndrome

A

usually a lesion to the left PARIETAL lobe; optic ataxia ; gaze apraxia ; simultanagnosia

46
Q

simultagnosia

A

problem paying attention to MULTIPLE things in their visual field

47
Q

gaze apraxia

A

deficit in directing gaze

48
Q

number- color synestheesia

A

when they see a NUMBER, its a COLOR; lesion with the FUSIFORM area of the left brain

49
Q

blind sight syndrome

A

new pathway is damaged, but the old pathway is intact so they can orient objects and track with eyes and head. they have a “sixth sense”

Neuroscience (23 decks)

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