auditory and vestibular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

auditory symptoms: lesion to cochlear nerve (aside from tinnitus)

A
  • unilateral hearing loss
  • facial weakness
  • vestibular disorder
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2
Q

auditory symptoms: lesion to cochlea (aside from tinnitus)

A
  • hearing loss
  • hyperacusis
  • aural fullness
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3
Q

auditory symptoms: middle ear lesion (aside from tinnitus)

A
  • hearing loss
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4
Q

auditory symptoms: lesion to cerebellopontine angle (aside from tinnitus)

A
  • unilateral hearing loss
  • poor word discrimination
  • vestibular disorder
  • facial weakness
  • facial numbness
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5
Q

Three signs/symptoms of vestibular lesion

A
  • quick spins
  • vertigo
  • ataxia
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6
Q

two brainstem neurons for auditory system

A
  • cochlear nuclei

- superior olivary nuclei

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7
Q

___ is connected to the oval window

A

scala vestibuli

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8
Q

photoreceptors are to the eye as ___ are to the ear

A

inner hair cells: primary sound TRANSDUCTION

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9
Q

olivocochlear bundle

A

affects the outer hair cells for the MODULATION of sound

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10
Q

basilar membrane changes in __ and __ from the apex to the base. which part is for high pitches?

A

it changes in thickness and stiffness; the stiff part is for high pitches

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11
Q

can you regenerate hair cells?

A

NO

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12
Q

does he care about type I vs type II hair cells? medial vs lateral olivocochelar?

A

NO. just call them hair and olivocochlear

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13
Q

endolymph is made by __ important for?

A

striavascularis; it has ion pumps for manipulating the ions in perilymph/endolymph

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14
Q

when hairs bend toward the kinocilium what happens?

A

depolarize

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15
Q

pathway for cell bodies of auditory system

KNOW THIS!!

A
1= spiral ganglion and send to brain and bifurcate to
2= dorsal cochlear nucleus and and ventral cochelar
3= superior olive (some cross to other side via trapezoid body)
4= inferior colliculus to brachium
5= mgn
6= auditory cortex (heschels area 41)
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16
Q

first place that you get info from both ears

A

superior olive

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17
Q

where else does auditory info go

A

reticular formation for the auditory startle reflex
CN8 ==> CN 5, CN 7 (stapedial reflex)
amygdala (for emotions)

18
Q

cochlear nerve cells go to

A

both dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

19
Q

lateral lemniscus

A

connection of auditory pathways from superior olive to inferior colliculus

20
Q

superior olivary complex

A

RIGHT NEXT TO FACIAL MOTOR NUCLEUS

21
Q

where do you compare R and L sound?

A

begins in SUPERIOR OLIVE. Remember this is the first location for BIAURALinfo. it compares which sound ARRIVES first, and which one is LOUDER; this tells you where the sound is coming from

22
Q

middle ear reflex

A

related to both tensor tympani and facial motor nucleus

23
Q

turning your head toward sound … what parts do you need

A

inferior colliculss
MGN
area 42
tectospinal tract

24
Q

rinne test

A

tuning fork on mastoid prcess, because of bone conduction, sound goes to CNVIII; when you can’t hear the bone, they move it in front of the ear to see if you can still hear it. (AIR conduction)
tests for conduction hearing loss

25
weber test
you put tuning fork on midline of skull; which side is louder? the ear that hears it louder is plugged localizes sound to the BAD ear if it is conductive deafness localizes to GOOD ear if its a nerve damage
26
lean with it, rock with it. if you lean to the right you....
stimulate right utricle, right leg stiffens (via medial and lateral vestibulopinal tract) and pushes back toward center
27
location of otoconia in BPPV
utricle
28
loss of function in right utricle
lean to the right. (I would like to call this the "lean with it rock with it" syndrome)
29
vestibulo-occular reflex (VOR)? which CNS
the ballerina reflex so that you can "foveate" and fix gaze while you spin CN III, VI, VIII
30
lateral vestibular nucleus is
IPSILATERAL and LONGER; goes to cbellum, limb motor neurons
31
medial vestibular nucleus
vestibulocolic reflex: if you fall on sidewalk, then you pull your head back so you don't hit it on the sidewalk; this nucleus is BILATERAL
32
medial and lateral vestibulospinal tract
affect the axial muscles
33
VOR pathway
Ms. Scarpa is a MiLF. She likes 3, 4, or 6 things to go in her vestibular complex - scarpa ganglion (aka vestibular ganglion) - vestibular nuclear complex - MLF - CN 3, 4, 6
34
vestibulo-thalamo-cortical path
vestibular nuclei VPL, area 3a and posterior insula
35
vestibular system gets input from?
hair cells, cBellum
36
location of plantum temporale
posterior to heschel's gyrus
37
remember "COWS"
Cold Opposite; Warm Same | always named by the FAST component of nystagmus
38
what is the endolymphatic aqueduct
its a little connection between the utricle, saccule, endolymphatic sac; we aren't really sure what the function is... its a tube that dead ends at the dura.
39
where does blood to inner ear drain?
the veins follow the course of the artery (labyrinthine) then it collects in the superior petrosal sinus
40
what happens at the modiolus?
this is the point where the cochlear canal turns around and comes back toward the round window.