auditory and vestibular anatomy

Question 1

auditory symptoms: lesion to cochlear nerve (aside from tinnitus)

Answer 1

• unilateral hearing loss
• facial weakness
• vestibular disorder

Question 2

auditory symptoms: lesion to cochlea (aside from tinnitus)

Answer 2

• hearing loss
• hyperacusis
• aural fullness

Question 3

auditory symptoms: middle ear lesion (aside from tinnitus)

Answer 3

• hearing loss

Question 4

auditory symptoms: lesion to cerebellopontine angle (aside from tinnitus)

Answer 4

• unilateral hearing loss
• poor word discrimination
• vestibular disorder
• facial weakness
• facial numbness

Question 5

Three signs/symptoms of vestibular lesion

Answer 5

• quick spins
• vertigo
• ataxia

Question 6

two brainstem neurons for auditory system

Answer 6

• cochlear nuclei

- superior olivary nuclei

Question 7

___ is connected to the oval window

Answer 7

scala vestibuli

Question 8

photoreceptors are to the eye as ___ are to the ear

Answer 8

inner hair cells: primary sound TRANSDUCTION

Question 9

olivocochlear bundle

Answer 9

affects the outer hair cells for the MODULATION of sound

Question 10

basilar membrane changes in __ and __ from the apex to the base. which part is for high pitches?

Answer 10

it changes in thickness and stiffness; the stiff part is for high pitches

Question 11

can you regenerate hair cells?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

does he care about type I vs type II hair cells? medial vs lateral olivocochelar?

Answer 12

NO. just call them hair and olivocochlear

Question 13

endolymph is made by __ important for?

Answer 13

striavascularis; it has ion pumps for manipulating the ions in perilymph/endolymph

Question 14

when hairs bend toward the kinocilium what happens?

Answer 14

depolarize

Question 15

pathway for cell bodies of auditory system

KNOW THIS!!

Answer 15

1= spiral ganglion and send to brain and bifurcate to
2= dorsal cochlear nucleus and and ventral cochelar
3= superior olive (some cross to other side via trapezoid body)
4= inferior colliculus to brachium
5= mgn
6= auditory cortex (heschels area 41)

Question 16

first place that you get info from both ears

Answer 16

superior olive

Question 17

where else does auditory info go

Answer 17

reticular formation for the auditory startle reflex
CN8 ==> CN 5, CN 7 (stapedial reflex)
amygdala (for emotions)

Question 18

cochlear nerve cells go to

Answer 18

both dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

Question 19

lateral lemniscus

Answer 19

connection of auditory pathways from superior olive to inferior colliculus

Question 20

superior olivary complex

Answer 20

RIGHT NEXT TO FACIAL MOTOR NUCLEUS

Question 21

where do you compare R and L sound?

Answer 21

begins in SUPERIOR OLIVE. Remember this is the first location for BIAURALinfo. it compares which sound ARRIVES first, and which one is LOUDER; this tells you where the sound is coming from

Question 22

middle ear reflex

Answer 22

related to both tensor tympani and facial motor nucleus

Question 23

turning your head toward sound … what parts do you need

Answer 23

inferior colliculss
MGN
area 42
tectospinal tract

Question 24

rinne test

Answer 24

tuning fork on mastoid prcess, because of bone conduction, sound goes to CNVIII; when you can’t hear the bone, they move it in front of the ear to see if you can still hear it. (AIR conduction)
tests for conduction hearing loss

Question 25

weber test

Answer 25

you put tuning fork on midline of skull; which side is louder? the ear that hears it louder is plugged
localizes sound to the BAD ear if it is conductive deafness
localizes to GOOD ear if its a nerve damage

Question 26

lean with it, rock with it. if you lean to the right you….

Answer 26

stimulate right utricle, right leg stiffens (via medial and lateral vestibulopinal tract) and pushes back toward center

Question 27

location of otoconia in BPPV

Answer 27

utricle

Question 28

loss of function in right utricle

Answer 28

lean to the right. (I would like to call this the “lean with it rock with it” syndrome)

Question 29

vestibulo-occular reflex (VOR)? which CNS

Answer 29

the ballerina reflex so that you can “foveate” and fix gaze while you spin
CN III, VI, VIII

Question 30

lateral vestibular nucleus is

Answer 30

IPSILATERAL and LONGER; goes to cbellum, limb motor neurons

Question 31

medial vestibular nucleus

Answer 31

vestibulocolic reflex: if you fall on sidewalk, then you pull your head back so you don’t hit it on the sidewalk; this nucleus is BILATERAL

Question 32

medial and lateral vestibulospinal tract

Answer 32

affect the axial muscles

Question 33

VOR pathway

Answer 33

Ms. Scarpa is a MiLF. She likes 3, 4, or 6 things to go in her vestibular complex

• scarpa ganglion (aka vestibular ganglion)
• vestibular nuclear complex
• MLF
• CN 3, 4, 6

Question 34

vestibulo-thalamo-cortical path

Answer 34

vestibular nuclei
VPL,
area 3a and posterior insula

Question 35

vestibular system gets input from?

Answer 35

hair cells, cBellum

Question 36

location of plantum temporale

Answer 36

posterior to heschel’s gyrus

Question 37

remember “COWS”

Answer 37

Cold Opposite; Warm Same

always named by the FAST component of nystagmus

Question 38

what is the endolymphatic aqueduct

Answer 38

its a little connection between the utricle, saccule, endolymphatic sac; we aren’t really sure what the function is… its a tube that dead ends at the dura.

Question 39

where does blood to inner ear drain?

Answer 39

the veins follow the course of the artery (labyrinthine) then it collects in the superior petrosal sinus

Question 40

what happens at the modiolus?

Answer 40

this is the point where the cochlear canal turns around and comes back toward the round window.