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Neuroscience > Brainstem 1 > Flashcards

Brainstem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the brainstem (4 functional parts)

A

cranial nerve nuclei, long tracts, cerebellar circuits, reticular formation

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2
Q

lesion to long tract

A

produce sensory and motor deficits

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3
Q

lesion to cerebellar circuit

A

ataxia

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4
Q

medulla contains

A

long sensory tracts, motor tracts, cranial nerve nuclei, reticular formation, raphe nuclei, connections to cerebellum (olive)

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5
Q

pontine-cerebellar junction

A

CN 6, 7, 8

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6
Q

how do you recognize a section of medulla

A

the squiggles of the inferior olive

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7
Q

principal sensory nucleus

A

fine touch;

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8
Q

principal motor nucleus fxnl component

A

SVE; anterior digastric …etc. muscles of mastication

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9
Q

mesencephalic nucleus

A

proprioception from teeth and TMJ; pseudounipolar neurons that never made it out of the brain. this is the only place where that happens in the brain

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10
Q

where does CN 12 exit

A

between medullary pyramids and the olive

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11
Q

fibers of solitary nucleus

A

SVA (taste) GVA(carotid body, sinus)

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12
Q

dorsal motor vagal nucleus in medulla

A

GVE. (psy) as you go rostrally, it becomes the inferior salvitory nucleus

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13
Q

CN10 exits between

A

dorsal column and the olive

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14
Q

decussation of pyramids happens where

A

around C1 caudal medulla

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15
Q

tracts of brainstem

A
  1. pyramidal tract
  2. dorsal column system
  3. spinothalamic system (als)
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16
Q

pyramidal tract fibers

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers

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17
Q

primary ascending tracts

A

med. lemniscus = somatosensory = ALS

lat. lemniscus = auditory

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18
Q

three cbellar connections

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract
corticopontine tract
olivocerebellar tract

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19
Q

where do dorsal columns of spinal cord synapse

A

GSA cuneate and gracile nuclei. dorsal columns are another name for the cuneate and gracile fasiculi

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20
Q

what does the substantia gelatinosa become

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars caudalis)

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21
Q

medial lemniscus comes from

A

gracile and cuneate nuclei. it is somatotopically organized.

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22
Q

internal arcuate fibers

A

connect the gracile, cuneate nuclei to the medial lemniscus

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23
Q

C shaped axons around a nucleus is….

A

ALWAYS spinal trigeminal tract/nucleus

the nucleus is aka pars caudalis

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24
Q

the black donut in the medulla

A

solitary nucleus

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25
Q

restiform body

A

essentially the inf. cerebellar peduncle; primary fibers are from the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts

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26
Q

reticular formation divisions

A 
medial zone (ascending is conciousness, descending is motor); 
raphe nuclei (pain); 
lateral zone (cranial nerve reflexes for respiration, BP, heart rate)
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27
Q

medullary blood vessels

A

vertebral aa.; PICA; anterior spinal arteries; posterior spinal arteries

28
Q

inferior olive blood supply

A

vertebral artery. it also supplies the ALS

29
Q

lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome lesion

A

PICA SYNDROME; lesion of pica

30
Q

lateral medullary syndrome in medulla affects what fxnl areas (6)

A

spinal trigeminal (ipsilateral pain face);
ALS (contralateral pain body);
vestibular nuc (vertigo);
solitary nuc (ipsilateral taste loss);
DVN/ambiguus (hoarseness and dysphagia);
hypothalamospinal (mainly ipsilateral horners)

31
Q

REVIEW: horner’s symptoms

A

meiosis, anhydrosis, ptosis

32
Q

medial medullary infarct affects what 3 fxnl areas

A

medial lemniscus(contralat. loss of fine touch);
pyramids (contralat. hemiplegia);
hypoglossal n

33
Q

lateral medullary syndrome in basilar pons

A

corticospinal/corticobulbar
abducens n (ipsilateral loss of abducens)
pyramidal (contralateral hemiplegia)

34
Q

lateral medullary syndrome in basilar pons. this is one of three ___?

A

middle alternating hemiplegia; cranial nerve sign and a contralateral body paralysis

35
Q

facial colliculus

A

bump where CN VII fibers are arching over CN VI

36
Q

fibers from cbellum through the sup. cbellar peduncle go to

A

red nucleus, thalamus

37
Q

hippocampus part of brainstem

A

NO. not at all.

38
Q

a lobule of cerebellum contains?

A

folia

39
Q

how many lobules of cbellum

A

10

40
Q

how many layers in the cortex of cerebellum?

A

3; molecular, purkinge, granular cell layers

41
Q

cbellum is intrinsically linked to?

A

vestibular system

42
Q

4 functions of cbellum

A

precise dextrous mvmts; timing of muscle activation; motor memory; posture and balance

43
Q

3 nuclei in cbellum

A

dentate, interposed, fastigial

44
Q

3 cortex regions of cerebellum

A

cerebro-cbell, spino-cbell, vestibulo-cbell

45
Q

what fiber bundle connects pons to cbellum

A

middle cbellar peduncle

46
Q

important feature of pons

A

contains nuclei for hearing (ventral, dorsal cochlear nuc.)

47
Q

trapezoid body is?

A

crossing fibers in pons of auditory system

48
Q

lateral lemniscus sends fibers?

A

sends fibers that will surround and synapse with the inf. colliculus (auditory syst)

49
Q

cerebro-cbellum is located?

A

in the big lateral part of the cbellum

50
Q

flocculus and nodulus related to what system?

A

vestibular system of cbellum

51
Q

lesions of the vermis produce?

A

profound postural and balance problems; look like they are drunk; ataxia

52
Q

which lobules are in the anterior cbellar lobe?

A

I-V; VI to X are in the posterior cbellar lobe

53
Q

how should you think about the cbellum?

A

a rectangle; medial parts project to medial nuclei, and lateral parts project to lateral nuclei

54
Q

what is the shape of the medial lemniscus in the pons?

A

it points medio-laterally now. in the medulla, it points antero-posteriorly

55
Q

what is a mossy fiber? synapse?

A

inputs to cbellum (other than those from the inferior olive) the mossy fibers synapse on the parallel fibers.

56
Q

what is a parallel fiber?

A

axons of the granular cells

57
Q

what is a climbing fiber?

A

inputs to cbellum from olive to inhibitory interneurons

58
Q

what kind of output is purkinge?

A

these are GABAergic (inhibitory)

59
Q

what kind of pathway is spino-cbellar

A

unconscious proprioception.

60
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

characteristic of cbellar lesion; example of ataxia

61
Q

result of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

kills purkinje cells especially in the vermis; often no corpus callosum

62
Q

blood supply to cbellum

A

superior cerebellar artery (end of basilar a); AICA (basilar a); PICA (vertebral a.)

63
Q

primary CNs of pons

A

V, VII, some VIII

64
Q

spinal trigeminal tract receives facial sensory signals from which CNs

A

V, VII, IX, X

65
Q

superior salvitory nucleus location? fxn?

A

GVE in pons. it is CN VII for submandibular glands, tears etc.

Neuroscience (23 decks)

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