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Brainstem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the brainstem (4 functional parts)

A

cranial nerve nuclei, long tracts, cerebellar circuits, reticular formation

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2
Q

lesion to long tract

A

produce sensory and motor deficits

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3
Q

lesion to cerebellar circuit

A

ataxia

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4
Q

medulla contains

A

long sensory tracts, motor tracts, cranial nerve nuclei, reticular formation, raphe nuclei, connections to cerebellum (olive)

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5
Q

pontine-cerebellar junction

A

CN 6, 7, 8

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6
Q

how do you recognize a section of medulla

A

the squiggles of the inferior olive

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7
Q

principal sensory nucleus

A

fine touch;

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8
Q

principal motor nucleus fxnl component

A

SVE; anterior digastric …etc. muscles of mastication

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9
Q

mesencephalic nucleus

A

proprioception from teeth and TMJ; pseudounipolar neurons that never made it out of the brain. this is the only place where that happens in the brain

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10
Q

where does CN 12 exit

A

between medullary pyramids and the olive

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11
Q

fibers of solitary nucleus

A

SVA (taste) GVA(carotid body, sinus)

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12
Q

dorsal motor vagal nucleus in medulla

A

GVE. (psy) as you go rostrally, it becomes the inferior salvitory nucleus

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13
Q

CN10 exits between

A

dorsal column and the olive

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14
Q

decussation of pyramids happens where

A

around C1 caudal medulla

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15
Q

tracts of brainstem

A
  1. pyramidal tract
  2. dorsal column system
  3. spinothalamic system (als)
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16
Q

pyramidal tract fibers

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers

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17
Q

primary ascending tracts

A

med. lemniscus = somatosensory = ALS

lat. lemniscus = auditory

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18
Q

three cbellar connections

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract
corticopontine tract
olivocerebellar tract

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19
Q

where do dorsal columns of spinal cord synapse

A

GSA cuneate and gracile nuclei. dorsal columns are another name for the cuneate and gracile fasiculi

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20
Q

what does the substantia gelatinosa become

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars caudalis)

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21
Q

medial lemniscus comes from

A

gracile and cuneate nuclei. it is somatotopically organized.

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22
Q

internal arcuate fibers

A

connect the gracile, cuneate nuclei to the medial lemniscus

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23
Q

C shaped axons around a nucleus is….

A

ALWAYS spinal trigeminal tract/nucleus

the nucleus is aka pars caudalis

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24
Q

the black donut in the medulla

A

solitary nucleus

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25
restiform body
essentially the inf. cerebellar peduncle; primary fibers are from the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts
26
reticular formation divisions
``` medial zone (ascending is conciousness, descending is motor); raphe nuclei (pain); lateral zone (cranial nerve reflexes for respiration, BP, heart rate) ```
27
medullary blood vessels
vertebral aa.; PICA; anterior spinal arteries; posterior spinal arteries
28
inferior olive blood supply
vertebral artery. it also supplies the ALS
29
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome lesion
PICA SYNDROME; lesion of pica
30
lateral medullary syndrome in medulla affects what fxnl areas (6)
spinal trigeminal (ipsilateral pain face); ALS (contralateral pain body); vestibular nuc (vertigo); solitary nuc (ipsilateral taste loss); DVN/ambiguus (hoarseness and dysphagia); hypothalamospinal (mainly ipsilateral horners)
31
REVIEW: horner's symptoms
meiosis, anhydrosis, ptosis
32
medial medullary infarct affects what 3 fxnl areas
medial lemniscus(contralat. loss of fine touch); pyramids (contralat. hemiplegia); hypoglossal n
33
lateral medullary syndrome in basilar pons
corticospinal/corticobulbar abducens n (ipsilateral loss of abducens) pyramidal (contralateral hemiplegia)
34
lateral medullary syndrome in basilar pons. this is one of three ___?
middle alternating hemiplegia; cranial nerve sign and a contralateral body paralysis
35
facial colliculus
bump where CN VII fibers are arching over CN VI
36
fibers from cbellum through the sup. cbellar peduncle go to
red nucleus, thalamus
37
hippocampus part of brainstem
NO. not at all.
38
a lobule of cerebellum contains?
folia
39
how many lobules of cbellum
10
40
how many layers in the cortex of cerebellum?
3; molecular, purkinge, granular cell layers
41
cbellum is intrinsically linked to?
vestibular system
42
4 functions of cbellum
precise dextrous mvmts; timing of muscle activation; motor memory; posture and balance
43
3 nuclei in cbellum
dentate, interposed, fastigial
44
3 cortex regions of cerebellum
cerebro-cbell, spino-cbell, vestibulo-cbell
45
what fiber bundle connects pons to cbellum
middle cbellar peduncle
46
important feature of pons
contains nuclei for hearing (ventral, dorsal cochlear nuc.)
47
trapezoid body is?
crossing fibers in pons of auditory system
48
lateral lemniscus sends fibers?
sends fibers that will surround and synapse with the inf. colliculus (auditory syst)
49
cerebro-cbellum is located?
in the big lateral part of the cbellum
50
flocculus and nodulus related to what system?
vestibular system of cbellum
51
lesions of the vermis produce?
profound postural and balance problems; look like they are drunk; ataxia
52
which lobules are in the anterior cbellar lobe?
I-V; VI to X are in the posterior cbellar lobe
53
how should you think about the cbellum?
a rectangle; medial parts project to medial nuclei, and lateral parts project to lateral nuclei
54
what is the shape of the medial lemniscus in the pons?
it points medio-laterally now. in the medulla, it points antero-posteriorly
55
what is a mossy fiber? synapse?
inputs to cbellum (other than those from the inferior olive) the mossy fibers synapse on the parallel fibers.
56
what is a parallel fiber?
axons of the granular cells
57
what is a climbing fiber?
inputs to cbellum from olive to inhibitory interneurons
58
what kind of output is purkinge?
these are GABAergic (inhibitory)
59
what kind of pathway is spino-cbellar
unconscious proprioception.
60
dysdiadochokinesia
characteristic of cbellar lesion; example of ataxia
61
result of fetal alcohol syndrome
kills purkinje cells especially in the vermis; often no corpus callosum
62
blood supply to cbellum
superior cerebellar artery (end of basilar a); AICA (basilar a); PICA (vertebral a.)
63
primary CNs of pons
V, VII, some VIII
64
spinal trigeminal tract receives facial sensory signals from which CNs
V, VII, IX, X
65
superior salvitory nucleus location? fxn?
GVE in pons. it is CN VII for submandibular glands, tears etc.

Neuroscience (23 decks)

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