ventricles,meninges, CNS blood supply Flashcards
cerebral aquaduct is in the
midbrain
rhombencephalon becomes the
cerebellum, pons, and myelencephalon/medulla
Horns of the lateral ventricle
frontal/anterior, occipital/posterior, temporal/inferior
glomus is in the ___ of the lateral ventricle. It makes ____. A pathology is ___
atrium/trigone; CSF (its choroid plexus that can become calcified)
the 3 foramen are on what part of the 4th ventricle?
two on the lateral sides, on on the dorsal side midline
body is between what two horns?
anterior/frontal and posterior/occipital
The third ventricle is in an area that has….
like 20 different nuclei that you can’t see. good luck with that.
what is “the egg”
thalamus
below “the egg” is the?
hypothalamus
foramen of Monro is btn?
lateral ventricle and third ventricle
choiroid plexus is made of? it makes?
ependymal cells that line the neural tube. they capture choroidal arteries (blood vessels) and make CSF
choroid epithelial cells
have tight junctions and provide a blood/csf barrier. these cells are different from the ependymal cells
caudate nucleus location
its big and is lateral to the lateral ventricle, the tail is next to the hippocampal formation and a choroid plexus
little dude can swim around the ____ in the third ventricle
masa intermedia
where do choroidal arteries come from
lotsa places. most directly, the anterior and posterior choroidal arteries. these come off of the anterior and posterior blood supply to the brain
eventually, what blood vessels should you know
if he names a choroidal plexus, name the arteries that it gets blood from. yaaaaaay.
CN3 sits between what vessels
Post Cerebral a. and the superior cerebellar a.
lamina terminalis
original closure of anterior neural tube
hypothalamus, think__
ANS
CN12 between
the olives and the pyramids
obex
the area where the medulla closes
ependymoma
usually in posterior fossa; tumor of ependymal cells
layers of BBB from blood vessel to brain
i need to type faster, and you need to look it up
obstructive hydrocephalus
CSF flow is blocked
communicating hydrocephalus
CSF isn’t absorbed in the arachnoid granulations, but its still being made
normal-pressure hydrocephalus
incontinance, dimentia, gait problems THIS IS A BOARD QUESTION!!!!!
ex vacuo
excess csf where brain tissue has atrophied (like after a stroke)
don’t forget about what neural tube defect
spina bifida and “tufts of back hair”
meninges are from
neural crest and mesenchymyal tissue
initial two layers of meninges
ectomeninex that becomes dura; endomeninex becomes the pia that splits into pia and arachnoid
leptomeninges
a term for pia and arachnoid
subdural hematoma
bleeds in the subdural space; from BRIDGING veins
tentorial notch
MIDBRAIN! CN3 can bet pinched in the interpeduncular fossa; they can’t constrict pupil
cistern definition and importance
enlargements of the SAS where the dura and the arachnoid don’t exactly follow the curveatures of the brain; if you have an aneurism, then you will see a bright white blood spot on a CT. its important to know these, so you can locate a bleed
cisterna magna locale
near the foramen magnum on posterior aspect of brain
prepontine cistern locale
in front of pons
interpeduncular cistern locale
in front of peduncles
ambient cistern locale
surrounding the midbrain
meningioma locale
anywhere you have meninges. these are usually more benign, but they give you a “mass effect”
epidural hematoma shape, cause
lens shaped because they are confined between sutures; give a “mass effect”
subdural hematomas shape
long and narrow
subarachnoid hemmorrhage
you get blood in the cisterns that looks like bright white blood outlining the borders of the brain
papilledema
from high intercranial pressure; it pushes back of the eye and makes the optic disk bulge
central herniation
pressure that pushes base of cerebral strxs down
uncal herniation
uncus goes down between the tentorium; get problems with CN3 getting pinched
tonsillar herniation
pressure that makes the cerebellum into the foramen magnum; the medulla is in there and it controls your really important things like breathing and heart function
“blown” pupil
IPSILATERAL unresponsive pupil because there is a problem with CN3; usually you worry about
alternating hemiplegia from what nerves?
CN3, CN6, CN12 STEREOTYPE STATEWIDE QUESTION
two blood supplies to the brain
internal carotid a, vertebral a
above C1 what happens to the vertebral artery
it passes across the top of C1 and joins together at the ponto-medullary border to become the basilar artery.
nerve @ pontomedullary junction
abducens
PICA
posterior inf. cerebellar artery that comes off the vertebral arteries before the pontomedullary junction. it supplies blood to the cerebellum
AICA
at the pontomedullary junction that runs posteriorly
CN3 between what two arteries
PCA and SCA
aneurysms usually occur
at branch points of the anterior circulation
what do you HAVE to know
the areas and symptoms that occur if there is a vascular event affecting the brain.
what other things do you need to know
things like: the medulla has CNs VI to XII; where every single decussation is. oh goody.
lenticulostriate branches to
internal capsule, thalamus, putamen, claustrum, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus
what does hemianopia mean
half of the visual field is lost
watershed zones
areas of the brain between two territories of vessels; if you get a lesion, this area will not get perfused. There isn’t really any collateral circulation in the brain.
area postrema
if you get something in the vasculature that the brain thinks is bad, this area triggers vomiting.
