cells Flashcards
there are _ layers of the cortex
6
precentral gyrus
primary motor area of the brain
area 4 fxn
precentral gyrus, primary somatomotor
areas 3,1,2 fxn
primary somatosensory; crude touch etc.
when you look at a picture, what should you identify first?
Left, Right orientation
reticular theory
all of nervous system is connected together, and there are no synapses
neuron theory/doctrine
there ARE synapses in nervous system
nucleus definition
group of cells in CNS with similar properties; if you were to stain them, they would have similar size, shape, neurotransmitters, and would have a similar fxn
tract definition
bundles of axons running through the brain; most common way of describing bundles of axons; can be any size
glial cell definition
“hold the whole thing together”. whatever
column definition
also refers to bundles of axons
2 names for layers
laminae, strata; usually refer to these by the layer number
fasiculus definition
is a BIG bundle of axons
lemniscus definition
not really a big difference between this and a fasiculata except that this word means ribbon. the orientation of the axon bundle may twist and turn as it goes through the nervous system
feniculus definition
a BIG fasiculus
pedunces
a tract that connects (three connections) to other parts of the brain; its a pillar.
clarkes column
a column of cell bodies aka a long nucleus
dorsal columns are
White matter (WM) tracts
four types of neurons
multi, bi, pseudo, uni; polar
most common type of neuron shape. location?
multipolar; ANS, interneurons, pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex, purkinje of cbellar cortex
processes examples
axons, collaterals, and dendrites. anything that comes off of a neuron
bipolar cells
can be embryonic and can change into multipolar ones
dont ever think of a neuron as ___
one neuron with one axon and one dendrite that synapses in one spot. it NEVER does that its a huge whore. it likes to be all up in everyones business
perkinge cell
typical multipolar; one of the largest
pyramidal cell
long axon that may go for several feet; multipolar
dendritic spines
on multipolar cells
locale of bipolar cell
eye
layer 5 fxn
output layer; these are pyramidal cells that send info to other places
motor unit
a single neuron and all the muscle cells that it attaches to
embryonic origin of schwaan
neural crest cells
unmyelinated neurons are primarilly related to ? fiber type
pain, crude touch; C fiber
nissl substance
nothing more that rER; if you stain for this, you’ll see the grey matter and cell bodies; you WONT see this stuff in the axon hillock or axon.
retrograde important in
rabies, encephalitis; carries bad stuff back to the cell body
anterograde transport
take things out to the synapse;
horseradish peroxidase
taken up and accumulates in the cell body; use the rxn to mark the axons and turn them dark to visulaize their course
dendritic spine fxn
increase the surface area for synaptic contacts
neuronal glomerulus
complex synaptic units that surround a granular cell
microglial embryonic origin
mesoderm
glial cells can…
differentiate into neurons or other glia; control extracellular environment; mop up extra transmitters; clean up bad stuff; maintian BBB
axotomized neurons
lose ability to regenerate
BBB =
how is it destroyed
endothelial tight cell jxn; astrocytes might contribute to BBB formation; disrupted by infarction, edema
myelinated sensory neruons are usually related to?
vibration, proprioception, fine touch
tanycytes
modified ependymal cells that contact capillaries and neurons
