cells

Question 1

there are _ layers of the cortex

Answer 1

6

Question 2

precentral gyrus

Answer 2

primary motor area of the brain

Question 3

area 4 fxn

Answer 3

precentral gyrus, primary somatomotor

Question 4

areas 3,1,2 fxn

Answer 4

primary somatosensory; crude touch etc.

Question 5

when you look at a picture, what should you identify first?

Answer 5

Left, Right orientation

Question 6

reticular theory

Answer 6

all of nervous system is connected together, and there are no synapses

Question 7

neuron theory/doctrine

Answer 7

there ARE synapses in nervous system

Question 8

nucleus definition

Answer 8

group of cells in CNS with similar properties; if you were to stain them, they would have similar size, shape, neurotransmitters, and would have a similar fxn

Question 9

tract definition

Answer 9

bundles of axons running through the brain; most common way of describing bundles of axons; can be any size

Question 10

glial cell definition

Answer 10

“hold the whole thing together”. whatever

Question 11

column definition

Answer 11

also refers to bundles of axons

Question 12

2 names for layers

Answer 12

laminae, strata; usually refer to these by the layer number

Question 13

fasiculus definition

Answer 13

is a BIG bundle of axons

Question 14

lemniscus definition

Answer 14

not really a big difference between this and a fasiculata except that this word means ribbon. the orientation of the axon bundle may twist and turn as it goes through the nervous system

Question 15

feniculus definition

Answer 15

a BIG fasiculus

Question 16

pedunces

Answer 16

a tract that connects (three connections) to other parts of the brain; its a pillar.

Question 17

clarkes column

Answer 17

a column of cell bodies aka a long nucleus

Question 18

dorsal columns are

Answer 18

White matter (WM) tracts

Question 19

four types of neurons

Answer 19

multi, bi, pseudo, uni; polar

Question 20

most common type of neuron shape. location?

Answer 20

multipolar; ANS, interneurons, pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex, purkinje of cbellar cortex

Question 21

processes examples

Answer 21

axons, collaterals, and dendrites. anything that comes off of a neuron

Question 22

bipolar cells

Answer 22

can be embryonic and can change into multipolar ones

Question 23

dont ever think of a neuron as ___

Answer 23

one neuron with one axon and one dendrite that synapses in one spot. it NEVER does that its a huge whore. it likes to be all up in everyones business

Question 24

perkinge cell

Answer 24

typical multipolar; one of the largest

Question 25

pyramidal cell

Answer 25

long axon that may go for several feet; multipolar

Question 26

dendritic spines

Answer 26

on multipolar cells

Question 27

locale of bipolar cell

Answer 27

eye

Question 28

layer 5 fxn

Answer 28

output layer; these are pyramidal cells that send info to other places

Question 29

motor unit

Answer 29

a single neuron and all the muscle cells that it attaches to

Question 30

embryonic origin of schwaan

Answer 30

neural crest cells

Question 31

unmyelinated neurons are primarilly related to ? fiber type

Answer 31

pain, crude touch; C fiber

Question 32

nissl substance

Answer 32

nothing more that rER; if you stain for this, you’ll see the grey matter and cell bodies; you WONT see this stuff in the axon hillock or axon.

Question 33

retrograde important in

Answer 33

rabies, encephalitis; carries bad stuff back to the cell body

Question 34

anterograde transport

Answer 34

take things out to the synapse;

Question 35

horseradish peroxidase

Answer 35

taken up and accumulates in the cell body; use the rxn to mark the axons and turn them dark to visulaize their course

Question 36

dendritic spine fxn

Answer 36

increase the surface area for synaptic contacts

Question 37

neuronal glomerulus

Answer 37

complex synaptic units that surround a granular cell

Question 38

microglial embryonic origin

Answer 38

mesoderm

Question 39

glial cells can…

Answer 39

differentiate into neurons or other glia; control extracellular environment; mop up extra transmitters; clean up bad stuff; maintian BBB

Question 40

axotomized neurons

Answer 40

lose ability to regenerate

Question 41

BBB =

how is it destroyed

Answer 41

endothelial tight cell jxn; astrocytes might contribute to BBB formation; disrupted by infarction, edema

Question 42

myelinated sensory neruons are usually related to?

Answer 42

vibration, proprioception, fine touch

Question 43

tanycytes

Answer 43

modified ependymal cells that contact capillaries and neurons