Visual Information Processing Problems Flashcards
Visual perceptual/visual information processing skills are important for ____
learning to read, grades K to 3
What are components of VIP skills?
visual spatial, visual analysis, visual integration, visual attention/processing speed
What is involved in visual analysis skills?
visual discrimination, visual closure, visual form constancy, figure ground, Visual-spatial relations, visual memory
What is involved in visual integration with other senses?
visual motor aka hand-eye and visual auditory
What are examples of symptoms of VIP problems?
reverses letters or words, mistakes words with similar beginnings, has problems learning alphabet/multiplication tables, cannot recognize letters or words, reading slower, cannot remember what was read, sloppy handwriting, etc
As child gets older, performance moves from ____ to _____
motor to visual
What is a form board?
visual perception test requiring child to assemble wooden geometric forms and place them in insets as quickly as possible
What does a form board tests how?
how a child organizes the world, tactile vs visual
What observations should you make during the 6 piece split form board?
what hand did the child use, is placement trial and error? does the child rotate the pieces to fit? are placements visually guided?
What two ways are the form boards scored?
based on observation and time (norms)
How does bilateral integration develop?
front-back, up-down, left-right
What is laterality vs directionality?
L and R on self vs L and R in space respectively
When should a child be able to do standardized visual perceptual tests?
8 yo
What are gross motor/coordination/body awareness tests?
tests to be aware of and use both sides of the body separately and simultaneously: standing angels, 3x3 hop, chalkboard circles
What is a precursor to laterality and directionality?
bilateral integration
What does the standing angels gross movement test asses?
homologous, monolateral, ipsilateral, and contralateral movements
What are the standing angels observations?
awareness and control
How does the 3 x 3 alternate hop work?
evaluates body control, body knowledge and motor planing, child must hop 3 times on 1 foot then 3 times on the other foot for 3 cycles
What are observations for 3x3?
is the child able to keep cycles? does child confuse leg? does child revert to jumping, balance issues?
How do the chalkboard circles work?
tests body knowledge, body control, bimanual integration, maintains fixation at eye level then draws circles
How does a child draw the circles on the chalkboard circles exercise?
draws circles symmetrical: toward/away from midline, reciprocal: both hands move in the same direction and draws 5 in each phase
What are chalkboard circle observations?
size of circles dominant v non-dominant, spiraling instead of circle, does child revert to symmetrical when doing reciprocal, can child change direction/phase when told?
What is the TVPS?
Test of visual perceptual skills used by psychologists, OT, OD with 7 subtests
What are the subtests of TVPS?
discrimination, spatial relations, form constancy, spatial memory, figure ground, closure, memory
What is the testing procedure for TVPS?
normed for ages 5-21 years, 1 example in each test with 18 questions, if child understands the example, continue each section until child misses 5/7 items (not sequential)
Is the TVPS timed?
no except for memory and sequential memory timed for 5 sec
How is the TVPS scored?
add up all correct items for each subtest=raw score, get scaled score from the book and use that for percentile rank
What is visual discrimination?
ability to identify specific features of a form including shape, color, and orientation, reading=letters, child has to find identical form (comparison between alike or different)
What is visual spatial relations?
ability to identify differences between the orientation in the specific features between forms, reading=letters (b,d), child has to find different form
What is form constancy?
child has to find design among others, orientation may be turned, larger, smaller or darker
What is visual figure ground?
child is asked to find one design among many within a complex background, reading: main idea v detail, prefix and root word, MC tests, child must attend to the specific feature of a form while being aware of the background (distracting) information
What is visual closure?
child is shown a completed design and asked to match with incomplete design, reading: we don’t read every word, ability to visualize the whole from its parts; determine the final visual form without all of the details of the form being revealed
What is visual memory and reading?
ability to recall visually presented material, ex: alphabet and vocab, multiplication tables, copying from the board
What is visual memory?
child is shown a design on one page and must find the form on another page
What is visual sequential memory?
child is shown design sequences of increasing numbers of elements and must find the same design from the choices on the following page
