Visual Information Processing Problems

Question 1

Visual perceptual/visual information processing skills are important for ____

Answer 1

learning to read, grades K to 3

Question 2

What are components of VIP skills?

Answer 2

visual spatial, visual analysis, visual integration, visual attention/processing speed

Question 3

What is involved in visual analysis skills?

Answer 3

visual discrimination, visual closure, visual form constancy, figure ground, Visual-spatial relations, visual memory

Question 4

What is involved in visual integration with other senses?

Answer 4

visual motor aka hand-eye and visual auditory

Question 5

What are examples of symptoms of VIP problems?

Answer 5

reverses letters or words, mistakes words with similar beginnings, has problems learning alphabet/multiplication tables, cannot recognize letters or words, reading slower, cannot remember what was read, sloppy handwriting, etc

Question 6

As child gets older, performance moves from ____ to _____

Answer 6

motor to visual

Question 7

What is a form board?

Answer 7

visual perception test requiring child to assemble wooden geometric forms and place them in insets as quickly as possible

Question 8

What does a form board tests how?

Answer 8

how a child organizes the world, tactile vs visual

Question 9

What observations should you make during the 6 piece split form board?

Answer 9

what hand did the child use, is placement trial and error? does the child rotate the pieces to fit? are placements visually guided?

Question 10

What two ways are the form boards scored?

Answer 10

based on observation and time (norms)

Question 11

How does bilateral integration develop?

Answer 11

front-back, up-down, left-right

Question 12

What is laterality vs directionality?

Answer 12

L and R on self vs L and R in space respectively

Question 13

When should a child be able to do standardized visual perceptual tests?

Answer 13

8 yo

Question 14

What are gross motor/coordination/body awareness tests?

Answer 14

tests to be aware of and use both sides of the body separately and simultaneously: standing angels, 3x3 hop, chalkboard circles

Question 15

What is a precursor to laterality and directionality?

Answer 15

bilateral integration

Question 16

What does the standing angels gross movement test asses?

Answer 16

homologous, monolateral, ipsilateral, and contralateral movements

Question 17

What are the standing angels observations?

Answer 17

awareness and control

Question 18

How does the 3 x 3 alternate hop work?

Answer 18

evaluates body control, body knowledge and motor planing, child must hop 3 times on 1 foot then 3 times on the other foot for 3 cycles

Question 19

What are observations for 3x3?

Answer 19

is the child able to keep cycles? does child confuse leg? does child revert to jumping, balance issues?

Question 20

How do the chalkboard circles work?

Answer 20

tests body knowledge, body control, bimanual integration, maintains fixation at eye level then draws circles

Question 21

How does a child draw the circles on the chalkboard circles exercise?

Answer 21

draws circles symmetrical: toward/away from midline, reciprocal: both hands move in the same direction and draws 5 in each phase

Question 22

What are chalkboard circle observations?

Answer 22

size of circles dominant v non-dominant, spiraling instead of circle, does child revert to symmetrical when doing reciprocal, can child change direction/phase when told?

Question 23

What is the TVPS?

Answer 23

Test of visual perceptual skills used by psychologists, OT, OD with 7 subtests

Question 24

What are the subtests of TVPS?

Answer 24

discrimination, spatial relations, form constancy, spatial memory, figure ground, closure, memory

Question 25

What is the testing procedure for TVPS?

Answer 25

normed for ages 5-21 years, 1 example in each test with 18 questions, if child understands the example, continue each section until child misses 5/7 items (not sequential)

Question 26

Is the TVPS timed?

Answer 26

no except for memory and sequential memory timed for 5 sec

Question 27

How is the TVPS scored?

Answer 27

add up all correct items for each subtest=raw score, get scaled score from the book and use that for percentile rank

Question 28

What is visual discrimination?

Answer 28

ability to identify specific features of a form including shape, color, and orientation, reading=letters, child has to find identical form (comparison between alike or different)

Question 29

What is visual spatial relations?

Answer 29

ability to identify differences between the orientation in the specific features between forms, reading=letters (b,d), child has to find different form

Question 30

What is form constancy?

Answer 30

child has to find design among others, orientation may be turned, larger, smaller or darker

Question 31

What is visual figure ground?

Answer 31

child is asked to find one design among many within a complex background, reading: main idea v detail, prefix and root word, MC tests, child must attend to the specific feature of a form while being aware of the background (distracting) information

Question 32

What is visual closure?

Answer 32

child is shown a completed design and asked to match with incomplete design, reading: we don’t read every word, ability to visualize the whole from its parts; determine the final visual form without all of the details of the form being revealed

Question 33

What is visual memory and reading?

Answer 33

ability to recall visually presented material, ex: alphabet and vocab, multiplication tables, copying from the board

Question 34

What is visual memory?

Answer 34

child is shown a design on one page and must find the form on another page

Question 35

What is visual sequential memory?

Answer 35

child is shown design sequences of increasing numbers of elements and must find the same design from the choices on the following page