Color Vision And Health Assessment Flashcards
What colors can infants differentiate?
Black, white and red
What additional colors can 1 month olds differentiate?
Blue and green from gray
What additional colors can babies distinguish at 3 months?
Yellow, green, and blue from gray
All color books have a test plate that everyone can see… why?
See if the child understands the test, identify malingerer
What does HRR allow you to quantify?
Mild medium and strong protan/deutan and medium or strong tritan
What happens if a child misses any of the screening plates?
Do the entire book, add up the columns and the last column with error is the severity
What is color vision testing made easy by Waggoner?
Idk really, simple pictures and symbols
What do the ishihara plates distinguish?
R/G defect, the last plates can differentiate deutan from protan and strong from mild
What does the D-15 differentiate?
Protan from deutan from tritan, graphical results by number
Which color tests are reimbursable?
D15 and Computer color vision
What do computer color vision tests differentiate?
Cone function by wavelength, can monitor changes over time
What tests are involved in the health assessment?
Pupils, visual fields, anterior segment, IOP, posterior segment/dilation
What are two reasons for pupil testing?
Required for exam billing, detects neurological problems
T/F infants have miotic, sluggish pupils
True
What is one way to examine pupils in infants?
Use DO
What are two reasons for visual field testing?
Required for exam billing and finds problems with peripheral vision
What is an example of a disease, developmental condition and congenital/acquired condition that affects the visual field?
Ds: retinitis pigmentosa, develop: cerebral palsy, congenital/aqu: strokes, TBI, tumor
How is visual field testing done in infants?
Have child fixate central target and bring additional target from periphery, child should observe it, MUST BE NON AUDITORY
How is visual field testing done in preschoolers?
Counting fingers, often they look
How is visual field testing done in school age children?
Counting fingers and adding fingers
At what age can an automated visual field be used?
8 years
What are reasons for IOP assessment?
Required exam element, glaucoma, trauma, steroid use
What are the four steroid administrations and which two have the greatest risk for IOP increase?
Topical, oral, nasal, and inhaled— risk topical and oral
What is the gold standard for IOP?
Goldmann
What are four methods of IOP assessment?
Goldmann, I-care, Non Contact tonometer, digital
What are ways to assess the anterior segment in children?
Slit lamp on parent’s lamp, hand held slit lamp, direct and 20 D, shadow test for angles
How long do you have to wait for dilation and cycloplegia in a child?
20-40 mins and 30-40 mins respectively
How can you view the posterior pole in children?
20 D
If not able to get 78 or 90 what should you try?
Direct, pan optic
What are the anesthetic drops?
Proparacaine, tetracaine, benoxinate
What are anesthetic used for?
Comfort, increase absorption of subsequent gtts because the cornea softens
What are the side effects of anesthetic?
Irregular heart beat, dizziness, nausea, swelling of lid, SOB
T/F the -caines have cross sensitivity but benoxinate does not
True
What are the anticholinergic drops?
Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, and atropine
What dose of tropicamide is used?
0.5-1%, less for light irides, minimal side effects
What does of cyclopentolate is used?
0.5% for infants and 1% for over 1 year
What is the limit of cyclopentolate?
No more than 3 gtts in each eye due to risk of toxic CNS effects, other adverse reactions include drowsiness, ataxia, restlessness, visual hallucinations, hypersensitivity in Down syndrome, seizures
What is the max duration of cyclopentolate?
8 hrs
What are the FDA approved uses of atropine?
Dilation, cycloplegia, uveitis
What are the additional clinical uses of atropine?
Amblyopia, hyphema, myopia control
What is the dose of atropine?
1%
What are adverse reactions to atropine?
HA, tachycardia, dry mouth, flushing, confusion, coma
What is the duration of atropine?
7-14 days
What is the direct acting adrenergic agonist/sympathomimetic?
Phenylephrine
Why is phenylepherine different than the other dilation drops?
No cycloplegia
What are adverse reactions to phenylepherine?
Tachycardia, BP changes in premature/LBW
What is recommended use for phenylepherine not to exceed?
No more than 2 gtts 5 mins apart
