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Pediatrics > Color Vision And Health Assessment > Flashcards

Color Vision And Health Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What colors can infants differentiate?

A

Black, white and red

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2
Q

What additional colors can 1 month olds differentiate?

A

Blue and green from gray

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3
Q

What additional colors can babies distinguish at 3 months?

A

Yellow, green, and blue from gray

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4
Q

All color books have a test plate that everyone can see… why?

A

See if the child understands the test, identify malingerer

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5
Q

What does HRR allow you to quantify?

A

Mild medium and strong protan/deutan and medium or strong tritan

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6
Q

What happens if a child misses any of the screening plates?

A

Do the entire book, add up the columns and the last column with error is the severity

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7
Q

What is color vision testing made easy by Waggoner?

A

Idk really, simple pictures and symbols

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8
Q

What do the ishihara plates distinguish?

A

R/G defect, the last plates can differentiate deutan from protan and strong from mild

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9
Q

What does the D-15 differentiate?

A

Protan from deutan from tritan, graphical results by number

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10
Q

Which color tests are reimbursable?

A

D15 and Computer color vision

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11
Q

What do computer color vision tests differentiate?

A

Cone function by wavelength, can monitor changes over time

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12
Q

What tests are involved in the health assessment?

A

Pupils, visual fields, anterior segment, IOP, posterior segment/dilation

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13
Q

What are two reasons for pupil testing?

A

Required for exam billing, detects neurological problems

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14
Q

T/F infants have miotic, sluggish pupils

A

True

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15
Q

What is one way to examine pupils in infants?

A

Use DO

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16
Q

What are two reasons for visual field testing?

A

Required for exam billing and finds problems with peripheral vision

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17
Q

What is an example of a disease, developmental condition and congenital/acquired condition that affects the visual field?

A

Ds: retinitis pigmentosa, develop: cerebral palsy, congenital/aqu: strokes, TBI, tumor

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18
Q

How is visual field testing done in infants?

A

Have child fixate central target and bring additional target from periphery, child should observe it, MUST BE NON AUDITORY

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19
Q

How is visual field testing done in preschoolers?

A

Counting fingers, often they look

20
Q

How is visual field testing done in school age children?

A

Counting fingers and adding fingers

21
Q

At what age can an automated visual field be used?

A

8 years

22
Q

What are reasons for IOP assessment?

A

Required exam element, glaucoma, trauma, steroid use

23
Q

What are the four steroid administrations and which two have the greatest risk for IOP increase?

A

Topical, oral, nasal, and inhaled— risk topical and oral

24
Q

What is the gold standard for IOP?

A

Goldmann

25
Q

What are four methods of IOP assessment?

A

Goldmann, I-care, Non Contact tonometer, digital

26
Q

What are ways to assess the anterior segment in children?

A

Slit lamp on parent’s lamp, hand held slit lamp, direct and 20 D, shadow test for angles

27
Q

How long do you have to wait for dilation and cycloplegia in a child?

A

20-40 mins and 30-40 mins respectively

28
Q

How can you view the posterior pole in children?

A

20 D

29
Q

If not able to get 78 or 90 what should you try?

A

Direct, pan optic

30
Q

What are the anesthetic drops?

A

Proparacaine, tetracaine, benoxinate

31
Q

What are anesthetic used for?

A

Comfort, increase absorption of subsequent gtts because the cornea softens

32
Q

What are the side effects of anesthetic?

A

Irregular heart beat, dizziness, nausea, swelling of lid, SOB

33
Q

T/F the -caines have cross sensitivity but benoxinate does not

A

True

34
Q

What are the anticholinergic drops?

A

Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, and atropine

35
Q

What dose of tropicamide is used?

A

0.5-1%, less for light irides, minimal side effects

36
Q

What does of cyclopentolate is used?

A

0.5% for infants and 1% for over 1 year

37
Q

What is the limit of cyclopentolate?

A

No more than 3 gtts in each eye due to risk of toxic CNS effects, other adverse reactions include drowsiness, ataxia, restlessness, visual hallucinations, hypersensitivity in Down syndrome, seizures

38
Q

What is the max duration of cyclopentolate?

A

8 hrs

39
Q

What are the FDA approved uses of atropine?

A

Dilation, cycloplegia, uveitis

40
Q

What are the additional clinical uses of atropine?

A

Amblyopia, hyphema, myopia control

41
Q

What is the dose of atropine?

A

1%

42
Q

What are adverse reactions to atropine?

A

HA, tachycardia, dry mouth, flushing, confusion, coma

43
Q

What is the duration of atropine?

A

7-14 days

44
Q

What is the direct acting adrenergic agonist/sympathomimetic?

A

Phenylephrine

45
Q

Why is phenylepherine different than the other dilation drops?

A

No cycloplegia

46
Q

What are adverse reactions to phenylepherine?

A

Tachycardia, BP changes in premature/LBW

47
Q

What is recommended use for phenylepherine not to exceed?

A

No more than 2 gtts 5 mins apart

Pediatrics (22 decks)

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