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Pediatrics > Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Cognitive Development Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Jean Piaget?

A

1896-1980, genetic epistemologist and developmental psychologist who observed and wrote about his children

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2
Q

What is an epistemologist?

A

someone who studies the nature of knowledge

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3
Q

How many books did Piaget write?

A

40+, 18,000 pages

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4
Q

What is the concept of discrete stages of development?

A

constant order of succession based on genetic potential and experience, no stages can be skipped because each stage lays groundwork for subsequent stages

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5
Q

What is the child’s role in moving through discrete stages of development?

A

the child is actively engaged in acquiring knowledge and constantly exploring the environment

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6
Q

What are the basic components of Piaget’s discrete stages?

A

schema/schemata, assimilation and accommodation

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7
Q

What is schema/schemata?

A

organized patterns of knowledge based on interactions with the environment, start as reflexes to complex actions to mental representations

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8
Q

What is assimilation?

A

interpreting external objects, places, people, events in terms of our present way of thinking

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9
Q

What is accommodation?

A

changing cognitive structure (schema) and expanding what we know aka dog to poodle and car to SUV

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10
Q

What is the cat schema example?

A

1) boy has learned schema of cat (schema) 2) boy saw a cub and called it “cat” sister said “no it’s a cub” (assimilation) 3) he accommodates new schema of cub (accommodation)

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11
Q

What is an infants favorite scheme to explore the world?

A

banging

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12
Q

What are the 4 cognitive stages from Piaget?

A

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

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13
Q

When does the sensorimotor cognitive stage occur?

A

birth to 2 years

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14
Q

When does the preoperational cognitive stage occur?

A

2-7 years

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15
Q

When does the concrete operations stage occur?

A

7-12 years

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16
Q

When does the formal operations stage occur?

A

12+ years

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17
Q

What are the 6 substages of sensorimotor cognitive stages?

A

reflex activity, primary circular reactions, secondary circular, coordination of secondary schemes, tertiary circular and beginning of representational thought

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18
Q

What is the reflex activity substage of sensorimotor?

A

innate reflexes to fulfill a need, rooting, sucking, grasping

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19
Q

When is the reflex activity substage of sensorimotor?

A

birth to 1 month

20
Q

When is the primary circular reaction substage of sensorimotor?

A

1-4 months

21
Q

What is the primary circular reaction substage of sensorimotor?

A

repear actions that they enjoy ex: sucking, stop and look at an object when grasping (early hand eye coordination), object permanence= out of sight out of mind, look where it was last

22
Q

What is the secondary circular reaction substage of sensorimotor?

A

attention on objects, often unexpected result, repeat actions like shake, drop, bang, object permanence=rattle drops-partly covered or rattle drops fully covered

23
Q

When is the secondary circular reaction substage of sensorimotor?

A

4-8 months

24
Q

When is the coordination of secondary schemes substage of sensorimotor?

A

8-12 months

25
Q

What is the coordination of secondary schemes substage of sensorimotor?

A

infant tries to solve a problem to achieve a goal/want, anticipate events, object permanence= still incomplete, hide toy under A baby looks under A, baby watches you hide toy under B but still looks under A

26
Q

When is the tertiary circular substage of sensorimotor?

A

12-18 months

27
Q

What is the tertiary circular substage of sensorimotor?

A

active experimentation, repeats actions but differently, object permanence=will search under different cloths but only if they watched the object being hidden

28
Q

When is the beginning of representational thought substage of sensorimotor?

A

18-24 months

29
Q

What is the beginning of representation thought substage of sensorimotor?

A

mental image of objects or events, not just now but past and future, symbolic functioning

30
Q

What is symbolic functioning?

A

use symbols to represent what is not present aka signs vs symbols

31
Q

When is the preoperative stage?

A

2-7 years

32
Q

What 3 behaviors emerge in the preoperation stage?

A

deferred imitation, symbolic play, and sophisticated language skills

33
Q

What is deferred imitation?

A

tea party, teaching school, something they have observed before

34
Q

What is symbolic play?

A

use objects as something else ex: arms out running=airplane

35
Q

What is the egocentric component of the preoperation stage?

A

world revolves around the child, think that others share their views feelings and desires, unable to see other perspective, mountain test

36
Q

What is the conservation component of the preoperation stage?

A

amount remains the same even though the shape may change ex: cutting a sandwich

37
Q

What is the tendency to focus on a single aspect part of preoperation stage?

A

may be task dependent, 10 wooden beads 7 blue 3 white child says there are more blue than wooden

38
Q

What is the irreversibility of thought part of preoperation stage?

A

addition good, subtraction hard// do you have a sister? yes. does your sister have a sister? no.

39
Q

What is the acquires concepts part of preoperation stage?

A

knows a dog, shapes are easy while numbers are harder

40
Q

When is the concrete operations stage?

A

7-12 years

41
Q

What skills are added with the concrete operations stage?

A

increased capacity for memory and understands reversibility/ thinks logically

42
Q

What parts of conservation are understood in the concrete operations stage?

A

recognize change in multiple features, reciprocity- if you change one feature it can be balanced by another (water in glass), concept of horizontal decalage/increasing (#, length, liquid, mass, area, weight, volume), may be culture dependent, may be presentation dependent

43
Q

What is the seriation aspect of concrete operations?

A

ability to arrange objects in an orderly series ex: simple to complex or short to long

44
Q

What is the transitive reasoning aspect of concrete operations?

A

A>B and B>C the A>C

45
Q

When does the formal operations stage occur?

A

12+

46
Q

What does a child gain the ability to do in the formal operations stage?

A

able to think in the abstract and solve problems systematically, consider all variables of the problem, able to consider different points of view and different variables

Pediatrics (22 decks)

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