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Pediatrics > Pediatric Hyperopia > Flashcards

Pediatric Hyperopia Flashcards

1
Q

What components should prescribing be based on?

A

retinoscopy, symptoms, child’s age, binocularity, VA sc, VA cc or w/ modified Rx, prior Rx

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2
Q

Who should pick out the frames?

A

the child, even if the parents don’t like them

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3
Q

What is important about children and glasses?

A

make sure frames are kid friendly and make sure the child uses them properly

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4
Q

What company makes glasses specifically designed for patients with down syndrome?

A

Specs 4 Us, changed the nose pads

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5
Q

How can you demonstrate myopia and hyperopia to a child’s parents?

A

trial frame +8D and -8 D + reading respectively

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6
Q

What is the full term average of hyperopia in infants?

A

+2.00 D or pl to +4

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7
Q

When does infantile hyperopia significantly decrease?

A

between 3 and 9 months

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8
Q

When is emmetropization?

A

= +2.00 at 18 months

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9
Q

T/F Usually when older than 9 months you need to Rx?

A

true

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10
Q

What are the two options of a hyperope?

A

1) try hard to make it clear so an eye turns in leaving one clear eye or 2) eyes stay ortho but vision is blurry OU

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11
Q

What are the two risks of hyperopia?

A

strabismus (esotropia) or bilateral amblyopia with +5.00

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12
Q

Does prescribing at age 6+ months significantly lower risk of amblyopia and strabismus?

A

no

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13
Q

Infants with >+3.50 are ____ more prone to strabismus by age 4 and ____ more prone to amblyopia

A

13 times, 6 times

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14
Q

Approximately what percent of infants have hyperopia greater than 3.25 according to Atkinson and Braddick?

A

3-6%

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15
Q

Who were the subjects in the VIP (Vision in Preschoolers) study?

A

ages 3-5 with > +3.25 D

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16
Q

What percent of children in VIP had amblyopia?

A

34.5%

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17
Q

What percent of children in VIP had strabismus?

A

17%

18
Q

1 out of ___ children who are not reading proficiently in 3rd grade do not graduate from high school on time

A

6, 4x greater risk than proficient readers

19
Q

What percent of low, below-basic readers drop out or fail to finish high school on time?

A

23%

20
Q

What percent of 3rd graders in Shelby country are proficient in reading?

A

24%

21
Q

What is TOPEL?

A

literacy test, print knowledge, definitional vocabulary, phonological awareness

22
Q

T/F In general children with hyperopia > +1.25 (dry) have lower achievement test scores in grades 1-5

A

true

23
Q

One study found that full correction of hyperopia >+0.75 improved…

A

1 minute reading score by 13%

24
Q

Over-minusing/underplusing a child by 2D can cause…

A

ADHD symptoms

25
Q

What are AAO hyperopia guidelines for Rx <3 years and >4years

A

+4.50 and as necessary to improve acuity or alleviate esotropia respectively

26
Q

What are the AOA hyperopia Rx guidelines for infant, young child, and adolescent?

A

+3.50, +2.50 and +1.50 respectively

27
Q

What is the general hyperopia Rx pattern for optometrists compared to ophthalmologist?

A

optometrist more likely to Rx because of consideration of age, magnitude, VA, phoria, accommodation, school performance etc

28
Q

In esotropes…

A

push plus!

29
Q

When has emmetropization finished?

A

mostly by 9 months maybe 18

30
Q

When do you Rx in infant/toddler age 1+?

A

consider >+3.50

31
Q

What should you do to cycloplegic refraction before prescribing for infant or toddler?

A

cut 1-2D symmetrically

32
Q

In preschooler why might you Rx lower amounts of hyperopia?

A

stereo, near VA, symptoms

33
Q

When do you Rx a preschooler?

A

> +2.50

34
Q

What do you do to cycloplegic refraction before prescribing for preschooler?

A

cut cycloplegic 1-2 D

35
Q

What are symptoms of hyperopia in school aged children?

A

blurry vision consistent with refractive error (+0.50), HA when reading, blurry as reading, below grade level for reading, tired when reading, avoids reading

36
Q

What binocularity reasons may you use for prescribing for a school aged hyperope?

A

esophoria at distance/near, esotropia distance/near, reduced stereopsis

37
Q

What accommodation reasons might you use for prescribing for a school aged hyperope?

A

insufficiency, high lag, variable reflex

38
Q

When do you Rx a school aged child?

A

> +1.50 without symptoms

39
Q

Why might you prescribe lower amounts of hyperopia for a school aged child?

A

symptoms, reduced near VA, binocularity

40
Q

What should you do to the cycloplegic refraction of a school aged child?

A

cut if high hyperopia and no prior Rx, if lower amount cutting is not always necessary

Pediatrics (22 decks)

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