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Pediatrics > Child Development > Flashcards

Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is prematurity?

A

LESS than 37 weeks gestation

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2
Q

What is early childbirth?

A

37, 38, and 39 weeks

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3
Q

What are the risks for prematurity?

A

multiples, HTN, DM, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, infections during pregnancy, race

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4
Q

What is low birthweight?

A

<2500g (5lbs, 5 oz)

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5
Q

What is very low birthweight?

A

<1500g (3 lbs, 4 oz)

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6
Q

What is extremely low birthweight?

A

<1000g (2 lbs 2 oz)

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7
Q

What is 1 kg in lbs?

A

2.2 lbs

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8
Q

What is a reflex?

A

part of motor development, specific, involuntary responses to stimuli that aid in development

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9
Q

T/F a reflex is adaptive?

A

true, help secure food, protect from harm etc

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10
Q

What is integration?

A

the disappearance of a reflex

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11
Q

If a reflex persists, what does that indicate?

A

delays in development that may benefit from OT/VT

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12
Q

What is a blink reflex?

A

when you flash light, both eyelids close– with repetition the reflex occurs but lessens/adapts

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13
Q

How do you perform the moro startle reflex?

A

child placed face up on soft, padded surface, head held gently to support and remove body weight from the pad, head released suddenly allowing head to fall back, then quickly supported again

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14
Q

What is the normal response to the moro startle reflex?

A

baby has startled look, arms move sideways with the palms up and thumbs flexed, may cry for a minute

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15
Q

When should the moro startle reflex be present in an infant?

A

birth to 2 months

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16
Q

What is an abnormal moro startle reflex response?

A

absent in infant or present and older child or adult

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17
Q

What is likely if the moro response is absent bilaterally in an infant birth to 2 months?

A

possible damage to brain or spinal cord

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18
Q

What is likely if the moro response is absent on one side in an infant birth to 2 months?

A

possible broken shoulder bone or brachial plexus injury

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19
Q

When should the tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) occur?

A

birth to 4 months

20
Q

What is the labyrinth for?

A

balance, inner ear

21
Q

What stimulates the labyrinth?

A

head movement

22
Q

What does a backward head movement stimulate?

A

arms and legs extend

23
Q

What does a forward head movement stimulate?

A

arms and legs curl

24
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

if you touch the infant lightly on the cheek, the infant will turn head and open mouth to feed

25
Q

When is the rooting reflex present?

A

birth to 3-4 months

26
Q

What is the grasping reflex?

A

when object is place in the infants palm or the hand is stroked, the infant will grab it tightly

27
Q

When is the grasping reflex present?

A

birth to 5-6 months

28
Q

When does the asymmetric tonic neck reflex occur?

A

birth to 6 months

29
Q

What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex?

A

eye-hand development, aka fencing reflex, on the side the head points to the arm extends while it flexes on the opposite side

30
Q

What is the spinal (galant) reflex?

A

stroking one side of the lower back of the infant will cause them to flex toward the side, should be symmetrical

31
Q

What does the spinal (galant) reflex prepare the baby for?

A

walking and crawling

32
Q

Why might the spinal (galant) reflex be used at birth?

A

to check for brain damage

33
Q

When is the spinal (galant) reflex present?

A

birth to 4-6 months

34
Q

When should an infant be able to sit without support?

A

6 months

35
Q

When should an infant be able to walk without assistance?

A

12-13 months

36
Q

When should an infant be able to walk up stairs with a rail?

A

24 months

37
Q

Which takes longer to acquire: fine or gross motor skills?

A

fine

38
Q

When should an infant be able to pick up objects with their thumb and finger?

A

7-12 months

39
Q

When can a child copy a vertical line, horizontal life, and circle?

A

3 years

40
Q

When can a child copy a cross, square and triangle?

A

5 years

41
Q

When can an infant recognize their own name, common objects, and 2 words?

A

1 year

42
Q

When can a child say a 3 word sentence?

A

24 months

43
Q

When does a child have speech intelligible, counting to 10, knows colors and ABCs capabilities?

A

5 years

44
Q

What happens if milestones are reached to early or skipped?

A

opportunities for integration may have been missed

45
Q

What is the problem with walking before crawling?

A

missed some R and L development

46
Q

What happens if milestones are delayed, but you can see them emerging?

A

they may be normal, ex: slow to walk

Pediatrics (22 decks)

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